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Anatomy Test 2 > Pelvic Wall > Flashcards

Pelvic Wall Flashcards

1
Q

function of pelvic girdle (pelvis)

A

1) . weight bearing linkage between legs and axial skeleton
2) . muscle attachment point
3) .protects organs in pelvic cavity

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2
Q

Hip bones

A

Ilium, ischium, pubis

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3
Q

landmarks on the ilium

A

1) . ala & body
2) . iliac crest
3) . iliac fossa
4) . ASIS and AIIS
5) . PSIS and PIIS
6) . auricular surface
7) . tuberosities
8) . arcuate line

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4
Q

function of auricular surface of ilium

A

synovial articulation with sacrum

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5
Q

landmarks on the ischium

A

1) . body
2) . ramus of ischium
3) . ischial tuberosity
4) . ischial spine
5) . lesser sciatic notch

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6
Q

landmarks on the pubis

A

1) . S/I ramus
2) . body
3) . pubic crest
4) . pubic tubercle
5) . pectin pubis (pectineal line)

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7
Q

what are the composite structures in the pelvis?

A

1) . acetabulum
2) . obturator foramen
3) . greater sciatic notch
4) . pelvic brim (pelvic inlet)

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8
Q

what forms the acetabulum?

A

ilium, ischium, and pubis

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9
Q

what forms the obturator foramen?

A

ischium and pubis

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10
Q

what forms the greater sciatic notch?

A

ilium and ischium

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11
Q

T/F: the pelvic brim is different between males and females?

A

TRUE, reflective functional difference due to childbirth

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12
Q

what forms the pelvic brim?

A

1) . sacral promontory
2) . arcuate line of ilium
3) . pectineal line of pubis
4) . crest of pubis

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13
Q

what forms the pelvic outlet?

A

1) . ischial tuberosities
2) . inferior pubic symphysis
3) . coccyx

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14
Q

what are the divisions of the pelvis?

A

1) . greater (false) pelvis
2) . lesser (true) pelvis
3) . perineum

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15
Q

what is the greater (false) pelvis?

A

lies above pelvic brim, contains inferior abdominal organs (ileum, sigmoid colon)

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16
Q

what is the lesser (true) pelvis?

A

lies between the pelvic brim and pelvic diaphragm and contains pelvic organs (urinary bladder/distal ureters; rectum, genital organs)

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17
Q

what is the perineum?

A

not part of the pelvic cavity but consists of soft tissue below the pelvic diaphragm between the base of the thighs

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18
Q

what articulates at the sacroiliac joint?

A

sacrum and ilium

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19
Q

what type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?

A

complex joint, both a syndesmosis and synovial joint

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20
Q

which portion of the sacroiliac joint is synovial?

A

Anterior - modified planar with interlocking irregular articular surface

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21
Q

which portion of the sacroiliac joint is syndesmosis?

A

Posterior - formed by interosseus sacroiliac ligaments

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22
Q

what do the interosseus sacroiliac ligaments do?

A

limit the tilt of the pelvis

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23
Q

name the sacroiliac ligaments

A

1) . anterior sacroiliac ligament
2) . posterior sacroiliac ligament
3) . sacrotuberous ligament
4) . sacrospinous ligament
5) . iliolumbar ligament

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24
Q

anterior sacroiliac ligament function

A

capsule thickening

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25
posterior sacroiliac ligament function
limits depression of the sacrum (or elevation of the hips) - continuation of interosseus sacroiliac ligaments
26
sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligament function
limit upward rotation of inf sacrum (post tilt of coccyx)
27
what forms the greater sciatic foramen?
1) . greater sciatic notch (superior, anterior) 2) . sacrotuberous ligament (posterior) 3) . sacrospinous ligament (inferior)
28
what passes thru the greater sciatic foramen?
1) . sciatic nerve 2) . S/I gluteal nerves, arteries, and veins 3) . piriformis muscle
29
what forms the lesser sciatic foramen?
1) . lesser sciatic notch (ant, inf) 2) . sacrotuberous ligament (post) 3) . sacrospinous ligament (sup)
30
what movements occur at the sacroiliac joint?
limited gliding and rotation act as shock absorber
31
what articulates at the pubic symphysis?
pubic bones of R/L hip
32
pubic symphysis joint type
cartilaginous disk = symphysis
33
pubic symphysis ligaments
S/I pubic ligments
34
what does the inferior pubic ligament form?
apex of pubic arch
35
functional joint type of pubic symphysis
syn- or amphiarthrosis depending on age
36
what forms the anterior wall of the true pelvis?
pubic bones (body and rami) and pubic symphysis
37
what forms the lateral wall of the pelvis?
1) . obturator foramen 2) . obturator membrane 3) . obturator internus muscle 4) . tendinous arch of the levator ani muscle
38
what forms the posterior wall of the pelvis?
1) . sacrum 2) . ilium 3) . posterior sacroiliac joint ligaments 4) . piriformis muscle
39
what forms the floor of the pelvis?
pelvic diaphragm
40
pelvic diaphragm role
1) . regulate abdominal pressure 2) . supports abdominopelvic organs 3) . functions in micturition, defecation, and respiration
41
what structures pass through the pelvic diaphragm?
1) . urethra 2) . rectum 3) . vagina 4) . nerves of lumbosacral plexus 5) . branches of internal iliac artery & vein
42
pelvic floor muscles
1) . coccygeus muscle 2) . levator ani
43
Coccygeus muscle
also called ischeococcgeus - attached sacrum/coccyx to ischial spine
44
Coccygeus muscle prox attachment
sacrum/coccyx
45
Coccygeus muscle distal attachment
ischial spine
46
Coccygeus muscle action
supports pelvic organs; regulate abdominal pressure
47
Coccygeus innervation
ventral rami
48
Levator ani
composite of 3 muscles: 1) . puborectalis 2) . pubococcygeus 3) . iliococcygeus
49
puborectalis prox attachment
anococcygeal body (ligament)
50
puborectalis distal attachment
pubis
51
puborectalis action
supports pelvic organs; forms external anal sphincter
52
puborectalis innervation
ventral rami
53
pubococcygeus prox attachment
coccyx
54
pubococcygeus distal attachment
pubis
55
pubococcygeus action
supports pelvic organs' regulate abdominal pressure
56
pubococcygeus innervation
ventral rami
57
iliococcygeus prox attachment
coccyx
58
iliococcygeus distal attachment
tendinous arch between ischial spine and pubic body
59
iliococcygeus action
supports pelvic organs' regulate abdominal pressure
60
iliococcygeus innervation
ventral rami
61
what is the urogenital hiatus?
"V" shaped opening in pelvic diaphragm between puborectalis muscle - from pubis symphysis to perineal body of rectum
62
urogenital hiatus contents
peroneal structures including: 1) . deep transverse perineal muscle 2) . external urethral sphincter/compressor urethra 3) . perineal body
63
what is the perineal body?
CT running down center of perineum connects the rectum to prostate/urethra
64
Pelvic vasculature: arteries
1) . paired internal iliac 2) . S/I rectal 3) . median sacral 4) . paired ovarian
65
paired internal iliac arteries are branches off of what?
common iliac
66
S rectal artery is a branch from what?
inferior mesenteric artery
67
median sacral artery is from what?
abdominal aorta
68
Venous route in pelvic vasculature
organs -\> venous plexi -\> internal iliac veins -\> common iliac veins -\> inferior vena cava
69
what is the Lumbosacral plexus?
ventral rami L1-S4
70
Sympathetic innervation of pelvic region
sympathetic chain ganglia; hypogastric plexus; sacral splanchnic nerves
71
Parasympathetic innervation of pelvic region
pelvic splanchnic nerves = ventral rami S2-4
72
what is the role of the ilolumbar ligament?
stabilize L5 and holds it to the posterior ilium bone,
73
what is found in the soft tissue of the perineum?
external genitalia
74
what shape is the pelvic floor/diaphragm?
diamond, can be further divided into 2 triangles
75
what 2 triangles can the pelvic floor/diaphragm be divided into?
1. urogential (anterior) 2. anal (posterior)
76
what provides parasympathetic innervation to the pelvic region?
Pelvic splanchnic nerve (ventral rami S2-4)
77
what is the central point of the perinum called?
perineal body connects rectum to prostate/urethra
78
Where is the perinal body?
Between the urogenital hiatus and the external anal spinchter
79
what are the muscles of the perineum?
1. external anal sphincter 2. bulbospongiosus 3. ischocavernosus 4. superficial transverse perineal muscle 5. perineal membrane 6. deep transverse perineal muscle 7. external urethral sphincter/compressor urethrae
80
What is the origin of the external anal sphincter?
coccyx via the anococcyceal ligament
81
insertion of the external anal sphincter?
perineal body
82
External anal sphincter action?
1. resists/regulates defecation 2. supports and fixes perineal body and pelvic floor
83
External anal sphincter innervation
inferior anal (rectal) nerve
84
Bulbospongiosus origin to insertion
median raphe on ventral surface wraps around the bulb of the penis (in males) and perineal body (in females)
85
Bulbospongiosus main action
1. males = ejaculation 2. females = maintain erection
86
Ischiocavernosus origin
internal surface of ishiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity
87
Ischiocavernosus insertion
surrounds the crus
88
Ischiocavernosus main action
responsible for erection in both males and females
89
Ischiocavernosus innervation
Muscular branch of perineal nerve
90
superficial transverse perineal muscle origin
internal surface of ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity
91
Superficial transverse perineal muscle insertion
perineal body
92
Superficial transverse perineal muscle action
supports and fixes perineal body/pelvic floor to support abdominopelvic viscera and regulate abdominal pressure
93
Superficial transverse perineal muscle innervation
muscular branch of perineal nerve
94
deep transverse perineal muscle origin
internal surface of ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity
95
deep transverse perineal muscle insertion
perineal body and external anal sphincter
96
deep transverse perineal muscle action
supports and fixes perineal body/pelvic floor to support abdominopelvic viscera and help regulate abdominal pressure
97
deep transverse perineal muscle innervation
muscular branch of perineal nerve
98
T/F: the external urethral sphincter/compressor urethrae is skeletal muscle and thus under voluntary control?
TRUE, main action is voluntary control of urine flow
99
what is the external urtheral sphincter/compressor urethrae formed by?
1. thickening of the wall – called the external urethral sphincter 2. sling around the urethrae associated with the thickening called the compressor urethrae – acts like the puborectalis – squeezes the tube

Anatomy Test 2 (14 decks)

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