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Anatomy Test 2 > Pelvic Wall > Flashcards

Pelvic Wall Flashcards

1
Q

function of pelvic girdle (pelvis)

A

1) . weight bearing linkage between legs and axial skeleton
2) . muscle attachment point
3) .protects organs in pelvic cavity

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2
Q

Hip bones

A

Ilium, ischium, pubis

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3
Q

landmarks on the ilium

A

1) . ala & body
2) . iliac crest
3) . iliac fossa
4) . ASIS and AIIS
5) . PSIS and PIIS
6) . auricular surface
7) . tuberosities
8) . arcuate line

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4
Q

function of auricular surface of ilium

A

synovial articulation with sacrum

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5
Q

landmarks on the ischium

A

1) . body
2) . ramus of ischium
3) . ischial tuberosity
4) . ischial spine
5) . lesser sciatic notch

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6
Q

landmarks on the pubis

A

1) . S/I ramus
2) . body
3) . pubic crest
4) . pubic tubercle
5) . pectin pubis (pectineal line)

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7
Q

what are the composite structures in the pelvis?

A

1) . acetabulum
2) . obturator foramen
3) . greater sciatic notch
4) . pelvic brim (pelvic inlet)

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8
Q

what forms the acetabulum?

A

ilium, ischium, and pubis

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9
Q

what forms the obturator foramen?

A

ischium and pubis

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10
Q

what forms the greater sciatic notch?

A

ilium and ischium

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11
Q

T/F: the pelvic brim is different between males and females?

A

TRUE, reflective functional difference due to childbirth

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12
Q

what forms the pelvic brim?

A

1) . sacral promontory
2) . arcuate line of ilium
3) . pectineal line of pubis
4) . crest of pubis

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13
Q

what forms the pelvic outlet?

A

1) . ischial tuberosities
2) . inferior pubic symphysis
3) . coccyx

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14
Q

what are the divisions of the pelvis?

A

1) . greater (false) pelvis
2) . lesser (true) pelvis
3) . perineum

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15
Q

what is the greater (false) pelvis?

A

lies above pelvic brim, contains inferior abdominal organs (ileum, sigmoid colon)

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16
Q

what is the lesser (true) pelvis?

A

lies between the pelvic brim and pelvic diaphragm and contains pelvic organs (urinary bladder/distal ureters; rectum, genital organs)

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17
Q

what is the perineum?

A

not part of the pelvic cavity but consists of soft tissue below the pelvic diaphragm between the base of the thighs

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18
Q

what articulates at the sacroiliac joint?

A

sacrum and ilium

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19
Q

what type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?

A

complex joint, both a syndesmosis and synovial joint

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20
Q

which portion of the sacroiliac joint is synovial?

A

Anterior - modified planar with interlocking irregular articular surface

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21
Q

which portion of the sacroiliac joint is syndesmosis?

A

Posterior - formed by interosseus sacroiliac ligaments

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22
Q

what do the interosseus sacroiliac ligaments do?

A

limit the tilt of the pelvis

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23
Q

name the sacroiliac ligaments

A

1) . anterior sacroiliac ligament
2) . posterior sacroiliac ligament
3) . sacrotuberous ligament
4) . sacrospinous ligament
5) . iliolumbar ligament

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24
Q

anterior sacroiliac ligament function

A

capsule thickening

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25
Q

posterior sacroiliac ligament function

A

limits depression of the sacrum (or elevation of the hips) - continuation of interosseus sacroiliac ligaments

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26
Q

sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligament function

A

limit upward rotation of inf sacrum (post tilt of coccyx)

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27
Q

what forms the greater sciatic foramen?

A

1) . greater sciatic notch (superior, anterior)
2) . sacrotuberous ligament (posterior)
3) . sacrospinous ligament (inferior)

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28
Q

what passes thru the greater sciatic foramen?

A

1) . sciatic nerve
2) . S/I gluteal nerves, arteries, and veins
3) . piriformis muscle

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29
Q

what forms the lesser sciatic foramen?

A

1) . lesser sciatic notch (ant, inf)
2) . sacrotuberous ligament (post)
3) . sacrospinous ligament (sup)

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30
Q

what movements occur at the sacroiliac joint?

A

limited gliding and rotation act as shock absorber

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31
Q

what articulates at the pubic symphysis?

A

pubic bones of R/L hip

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32
Q

pubic symphysis joint type

A

cartilaginous disk = symphysis

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33
Q

pubic symphysis ligaments

A

S/I pubic ligments

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34
Q

what does the inferior pubic ligament form?

A

apex of pubic arch

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35
Q

functional joint type of pubic symphysis

A

syn- or amphiarthrosis depending on age

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36
Q

what forms the anterior wall of the true pelvis?

A

pubic bones (body and rami) and pubic symphysis

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37
Q

what forms the lateral wall of the pelvis?

A

1) . obturator foramen
2) . obturator membrane
3) . obturator internus muscle
4) . tendinous arch of the levator ani muscle

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38
Q

what forms the posterior wall of the pelvis?

A

1) . sacrum
2) . ilium
3) . posterior sacroiliac joint ligaments
4) . piriformis muscle

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39
Q

what forms the floor of the pelvis?

A

pelvic diaphragm

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40
Q

pelvic diaphragm role

A

1) . regulate abdominal pressure
2) . supports abdominopelvic organs
3) . functions in micturition, defecation, and respiration

41
Q

what structures pass through the pelvic diaphragm?

A

1) . urethra
2) . rectum
3) . vagina
4) . nerves of lumbosacral plexus
5) . branches of internal iliac artery & vein

42
Q

pelvic floor muscles

A

1) . coccygeus muscle
2) . levator ani

43
Q

Coccygeus muscle

A

also called ischeococcgeus - attached sacrum/coccyx to ischial spine

44
Q

Coccygeus muscle prox attachment

A

sacrum/coccyx

45
Q

Coccygeus muscle distal attachment

A

ischial spine

46
Q

Coccygeus muscle action

A

supports pelvic organs; regulate abdominal pressure

47
Q

Coccygeus innervation

A

ventral rami

48
Q

Levator ani

A

composite of 3 muscles:

1) . puborectalis
2) . pubococcygeus
3) . iliococcygeus

49
Q

puborectalis prox attachment

A

anococcygeal body (ligament)

50
Q

puborectalis distal attachment

A

pubis

51
Q

puborectalis action

A

supports pelvic organs; forms external anal sphincter

52
Q

puborectalis innervation

A

ventral rami

53
Q

pubococcygeus prox attachment

A

coccyx

54
Q

pubococcygeus distal attachment

A

pubis

55
Q

pubococcygeus action

A

supports pelvic organs’ regulate abdominal pressure

56
Q

pubococcygeus innervation

A

ventral rami

57
Q

iliococcygeus prox attachment

A

coccyx

58
Q

iliococcygeus distal attachment

A

tendinous arch between ischial spine and pubic body

59
Q

iliococcygeus action

A

supports pelvic organs’ regulate abdominal pressure

60
Q

iliococcygeus innervation

A

ventral rami

61
Q

what is the urogenital hiatus?

A

“V” shaped opening in pelvic diaphragm between puborectalis muscle - from pubis symphysis to perineal body of rectum

62
Q

urogenital hiatus contents

A

peroneal structures including:

1) . deep transverse perineal muscle
2) . external urethral sphincter/compressor urethra
3) . perineal body

63
Q

what is the perineal body?

A

CT running down center of perineum

connects the rectum to prostate/urethra

64
Q

Pelvic vasculature: arteries

A

1) . paired internal iliac
2) . S/I rectal
3) . median sacral
4) . paired ovarian

65
Q

paired internal iliac arteries are branches off of what?

A

common iliac

66
Q

S rectal artery is a branch from what?

A

inferior mesenteric artery

67
Q

median sacral artery is from what?

A

abdominal aorta

68
Q

Venous route in pelvic vasculature

A

organs -> venous plexi -> internal iliac veins -> common iliac veins -> inferior vena cava

69
Q

what is the Lumbosacral plexus?

A

ventral rami L1-S4

70
Q

Sympathetic innervation of pelvic region

A

sympathetic chain ganglia; hypogastric plexus; sacral splanchnic nerves

71
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of pelvic region

A

pelvic splanchnic nerves = ventral rami S2-4

72
Q

what is the role of the ilolumbar ligament?

A

stabilize L5 and holds it to the posterior ilium bone,

73
Q

what is found in the soft tissue of the perineum?

A

external genitalia

74
Q

what shape is the pelvic floor/diaphragm?

A

diamond,

can be further divided into 2 triangles

75
Q

what 2 triangles can the pelvic floor/diaphragm be divided into?

A
  1. urogential (anterior)
  2. anal (posterior)
76
Q

what provides parasympathetic innervation to the pelvic region?

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerve (ventral rami S2-4)

77
Q

what is the central point of the perinum called?

A

perineal body

connects rectum to prostate/urethra

78
Q

Where is the perinal body?

A

Between the urogenital hiatus and the external anal spinchter

79
Q

what are the muscles of the perineum?

A
  1. external anal sphincter
  2. bulbospongiosus
  3. ischocavernosus
  4. superficial transverse perineal muscle
  5. perineal membrane
  6. deep transverse perineal muscle
  7. external urethral sphincter/compressor urethrae
80
Q

What is the origin of the external anal sphincter?

A

coccyx via the anococcyceal ligament

81
Q

insertion of the external anal sphincter?

A

perineal body

82
Q

External anal sphincter action?

A
  1. resists/regulates defecation
  2. supports and fixes perineal body and pelvic floor
83
Q

External anal sphincter innervation

A

inferior anal (rectal) nerve

84
Q

Bulbospongiosus origin to insertion

A

median raphe on ventral surface wraps around the bulb of the penis (in males) and perineal body (in females)

85
Q

Bulbospongiosus main action

A
  1. males = ejaculation
  2. females = maintain erection
86
Q

Ischiocavernosus origin

A

internal surface of ishiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity

87
Q

Ischiocavernosus insertion

A

surrounds the crus

88
Q

Ischiocavernosus main action

A

responsible for erection in both males and females

89
Q

Ischiocavernosus innervation

A

Muscular branch of perineal nerve

90
Q

superficial transverse perineal muscle origin

A

internal surface of ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity

91
Q

Superficial transverse perineal muscle insertion

A

perineal body

92
Q

Superficial transverse perineal muscle action

A

supports and fixes perineal body/pelvic floor to support abdominopelvic viscera and regulate abdominal pressure

93
Q

Superficial transverse perineal muscle innervation

A

muscular branch of perineal nerve

94
Q

deep transverse perineal muscle origin

A

internal surface of ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity

95
Q

deep transverse perineal muscle insertion

A

perineal body and external anal sphincter

96
Q

deep transverse perineal muscle action

A

supports and fixes perineal body/pelvic floor to support abdominopelvic viscera and help regulate abdominal pressure

97
Q

deep transverse perineal muscle innervation

A

muscular branch of perineal nerve

98
Q

T/F: the external urethral sphincter/compressor urethrae is skeletal muscle and thus under voluntary control?

A

TRUE, main action is voluntary control of urine flow

99
Q

what is the external urtheral sphincter/compressor urethrae formed by?

A
  1. thickening of the wall – called the external urethral sphincter
  2. sling around the urethrae associated with the thickening called the compressor urethrae – acts like the puborectalis – squeezes the tube

Anatomy Test 2 (14 decks)

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