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Anatomy Test 2 > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

superior surface of abdomen

A

diaphragm (domed to 4th intercostals space)

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2
Q

inferior surface of abdomen

A

pelvic inlet (superior pelvic apeture)

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3
Q

anterolateral surface of abdomen

A

muscular wall

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4
Q

posterior surface of abdomen

A

lumber vertebrae

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5
Q

what lines the abdominal cavity?

A

Peritoneum

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6
Q

what is visceral peritoneum?

A

serous membrane covering abdominal organs

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7
Q

what is parietal peritoneum?

A

serous membrane lining cavity

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8
Q

what is the peritoneal cavity?

A

fluid filled space in abdomen

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9
Q

what is the mesentery?

A

continuation of visceral and parietal peritoneum that attaches organ to body wall

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10
Q

what planes create the abdominal quadrants?

A

Transumbilicial plane (S/I halves)

Median plane (R/L halves)

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11
Q

what is in the right upper quadrant?

A

1) . R lobe of liver
2) . gallbladder
3) . Stomach: pylorus
4) . Pancreas head
5) . R kidney

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12
Q

what is in the right lower quadrant?

A

1) . Cecum
2) . Appendix
3) . Most of ileum
4) . R Ovary, Uterine tube
5) . R ureter & spermatic cord

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13
Q

what is in the left upper quadrant?

A

1) . Liver L lobe
2) . spleen
3) . stomach
4) . Jejunum & prox ileum
5) . Pancreas: body and tail

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14
Q

what is in the left lower quadrant?

A

1) . Sigmoid colon
2) . Descending colon: Inf part
3) . L ovary & uterine tube
4) . L ureter & spermatic cord

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15
Q

anterior peripheral attachment of the diaphragm

A

xiphoid process

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16
Q

lateral peripheral attachment of the diaphragm

A

costal cartilage and ribs 5-10

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17
Q

posterior peripheral attachment of the diaphragm

A

L1-3 vertebrae and floating ribs

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18
Q

Deep attachment of the diaphragm

A

central tendon

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19
Q

Major organs superior to diaphragm

A

1). pericardium (heart) attached to central tendon 2). R/L pleura (lungs)

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20
Q

Organs inferior to diaphragm

A

1). liver (Ant R side) 2). stomach and spleen (ant L side) 3). kidneys (post)

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21
Q

What muscles pass through the diapgragm?

A

Psoas major (under med arcuate lig) and quadrates lumborum (under lat arcuate lig)

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22
Q

What blood & lymph vessels pass through the diaphragm?

A

1) . descending aorta
2) . Inf vena cava
3) . Sup epigastric arteries and veins
4) . azygous and hemiazygous veins
5) . thoracic duct

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23
Q

How does the descending aorta pass through the diaphragm?

A

via the aortic hiatus formed by L/R crus

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24
Q

How does the inferior vena cava pass through the diaphragm?

A

via the caval opening in central tendon

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25
Q

how do the superior epigastric arteries and veins pass through the diaphragm?

A

via sternocostal triangle

26
Q

how do the azygous and hemiazygous veins along with the thoracic duct pass through the diaphragm?

A

via aortic hiatus

27
Q

what passes through the aortic hiatus?

A

1) . descending aorta
2) . azygous and hemiazygous veins
3) . thoracic duct

28
Q

how does the esophagus pass through the diaphragm?

A

via esophageal hiatus

29
Q

what nerves pass thru the diaphragm?

A

1) . sympathetic trunk (level of vert column)
2) . A/P vagus (via esophageal hiatus)

30
Q

Diaphragm innervation

A

phrenic nerve (C3, 4, 5)

31
Q

vascular supply of superior surface of diaphragm

A

thoracic aorta and internal thoracic artery

32
Q

vascular supply of inferior surface of diaphragm

A

abdominal aorta

33
Q

Diaphragm actions

A

inhale - contract

exhale - relax

34
Q

Layers of anterolateral muscular wall of abdomen

A

1) . skin
2) . Camper fascia
3) . Scarpa fascia
4) . muscles (External, Internal Oblique, Transverse Abdominis)
5) . deep fascia of transverse abdominis
6) . extra-peritoneal fat
7) . parietal peritoneum

35
Q

External Oblique origin

A

ribs 5-12

36
Q

External oblique insertion

A

rectus sheath

37
Q

External oblique innervation

A

spinal nerves T7-12

38
Q

Internal Oblique origin

A

vertebral column via thoracolumbar fascia; hips

39
Q

Internal oblique insertion

A

lower ribs; rectus sheath

40
Q

Internal oblique innervation

A

spinal nerves T6-T12

41
Q

Action of Internal and External Oblique

A

Bi: flex at trunk

Uni: ab-/adduct; rotate

Respiration: pull rib cage down & compress abdomen to exhale

42
Q

Transversus abdominis origin

A

lower ribs; vertebral column via thoracolumbar fascia; hips

43
Q

Transversus abdominis insertion

A

rectus sheath

44
Q

Transversus abdominis innervation

A

spinal nerves T7-T12

45
Q

Transversus abdominis action

A

Uni: ab-/adduct; rotate

Respiration: compress abdomen to exhale

46
Q

Rectus abdominis origin

A

pubic symphysis

47
Q

Rectus abdominis insertion

A

lower ribs; xiphoid

48
Q

Rectus abdominis innervation

A

spinal nerves T6-T12

49
Q

Rectus abdominis action

A

Bi: flex at trunk

Respiration: pull rib cage down & compress abdomen to exhale

50
Q

Superior rectus sheath components

A

1) . Skin
2) . Camper’s
3) . Scarpa
4) . External oblique aponeurosis
5) . Internal Oblique aponeurosis
6) . Rectus Abdominus muscle
7) . Internal oblique aponeurosis
8) . Transversus abdominus aponeurosis

51
Q

Inferior rectus sheath components

A

Ant: formed from ext oblique, int oblique and transverses aponeuroses

Post: no aponeuroses

52
Q

What is the arcuate line?

A

abrupt transition from sup to inf rectus sheath composition; located below umbilicus 1/3 of distance to pelvis

53
Q

what does the musculophrenic artery supply blood to?

A

anterolateral diagram and abdominal wall near diaphragm

54
Q

what does the superior epigastric artery supply blood to?

A

anterior abdominal wall

55
Q

what is the inguinal canal?

A

tubular passage about 4 cm long, through the inferior ant abdominal wall

56
Q

what does the inguinal canal cross?

A

1) . peritoneum
2) . retroinguinal space of Bogros
3) . transversalis fascia forms covering of the canal contents
4) . transversus abdominal muscle
5) . internal oblique muscle
6) . external oblique muscle

57
Q

what is found in the inguinal canal?

A

males = spermatic cord

females = round ligament

58
Q

where is the deep internal inguinal ring?

A

forms an opening in the peritoneum and transversalis fascia called the myopectineal orifice

59
Q

where is the superficial (external) inguinal ring?

A

forms the opening in the external oblique aponeurosis in to the subcutaneous tissue of the medial pelvis

60
Q

what does the inguinal canal run parallel to?

A

inguinal ligament and the iliopubic tract

Anatomy Test 2 (14 decks)

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