Abdomen

Question 1

superior surface of abdomen

Answer 1

diaphragm (domed to 4th intercostals space)

Question 2

inferior surface of abdomen

Answer 2

pelvic inlet (superior pelvic apeture)

Question 3

anterolateral surface of abdomen

Answer 3

muscular wall

Question 4

posterior surface of abdomen

Answer 4

lumber vertebrae

Question 5

what lines the abdominal cavity?

Answer 5

Peritoneum

Question 6

what is visceral peritoneum?

Answer 6

serous membrane covering abdominal organs

Question 7

what is parietal peritoneum?

Answer 7

serous membrane lining cavity

Question 8

what is the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 8

fluid filled space in abdomen

Question 9

what is the mesentery?

Answer 9

continuation of visceral and parietal peritoneum that attaches organ to body wall

Question 10

what planes create the abdominal quadrants?

Answer 10

Transumbilicial plane (S/I halves)

Median plane (R/L halves)

Question 11

what is in the right upper quadrant?

Answer 11

1) . R lobe of liver
2) . gallbladder
3) . Stomach: pylorus
4) . Pancreas head
5) . R kidney

Question 12

what is in the right lower quadrant?

Answer 12

1) . Cecum
2) . Appendix
3) . Most of ileum
4) . R Ovary, Uterine tube
5) . R ureter & spermatic cord

Question 13

what is in the left upper quadrant?

Answer 13

1) . Liver L lobe
2) . spleen
3) . stomach
4) . Jejunum & prox ileum
5) . Pancreas: body and tail

Question 14

what is in the left lower quadrant?

Answer 14

1) . Sigmoid colon
2) . Descending colon: Inf part
3) . L ovary & uterine tube
4) . L ureter & spermatic cord

Question 15

anterior peripheral attachment of the diaphragm

Answer 15

xiphoid process

Question 16

lateral peripheral attachment of the diaphragm

Answer 16

costal cartilage and ribs 5-10

Question 17

posterior peripheral attachment of the diaphragm

Answer 17

L1-3 vertebrae and floating ribs

Question 18

Deep attachment of the diaphragm

Answer 18

central tendon

Question 19

Major organs superior to diaphragm

Answer 19

1). pericardium (heart) attached to central tendon 2). R/L pleura (lungs)

Question 20

Organs inferior to diaphragm

Answer 20

1). liver (Ant R side) 2). stomach and spleen (ant L side) 3). kidneys (post)

Question 21

What muscles pass through the diapgragm?

Answer 21

Psoas major (under med arcuate lig) and quadrates lumborum (under lat arcuate lig)

Question 22

What blood & lymph vessels pass through the diaphragm?

Answer 22

1) . descending aorta
2) . Inf vena cava
3) . Sup epigastric arteries and veins
4) . azygous and hemiazygous veins
5) . thoracic duct

Question 23

How does the descending aorta pass through the diaphragm?

Answer 23

via the aortic hiatus formed by L/R crus

Question 24

How does the inferior vena cava pass through the diaphragm?

Answer 24

via the caval opening in central tendon

Question 25

how do the superior epigastric arteries and veins pass through the diaphragm?

Answer 25

via sternocostal triangle

Question 26

how do the azygous and hemiazygous veins along with the thoracic duct pass through the diaphragm?

Answer 26

via aortic hiatus

Question 27

what passes through the aortic hiatus?

Answer 27

1) . descending aorta 2) . azygous and hemiazygous veins 3) . thoracic duct

Question 28

how does the esophagus pass through the diaphragm?

Answer 28

via esophageal hiatus

Question 29

what nerves pass thru the diaphragm?

Answer 29

1) . sympathetic trunk (level of vert column) 2) . A/P vagus (via esophageal hiatus)

Question 30

Diaphragm innervation

Answer 30

phrenic nerve (C3, 4, 5)

Question 31

vascular supply of superior surface of diaphragm

Answer 31

thoracic aorta and internal thoracic artery

Question 32

vascular supply of inferior surface of diaphragm

Answer 32

abdominal aorta

Question 33

Diaphragm actions

Answer 33

inhale - contract exhale - relax

Question 34

Layers of anterolateral muscular wall of abdomen

Answer 34

1) . skin 2) . Camper fascia 3) . Scarpa fascia 4) . muscles (External, Internal Oblique, Transverse Abdominis) 5) . deep fascia of transverse abdominis 6) . extra-peritoneal fat 7) . parietal peritoneum

Question 35

External Oblique origin

Answer 35

ribs 5-12

Question 36

External oblique insertion

Answer 36

rectus sheath

Question 37

External oblique innervation

Answer 37

spinal nerves T7-12

Question 38

Internal Oblique origin

Answer 38

vertebral column via thoracolumbar fascia; hips

Question 39

Internal oblique insertion

Answer 39

lower ribs; rectus sheath

Question 40

Internal oblique innervation

Answer 40

spinal nerves T6-T12

Question 41

Action of Internal and External Oblique

Answer 41

Bi: flex at trunk Uni: ab-/adduct; rotate Respiration: pull rib cage down & compress abdomen to exhale

Question 42

Transversus abdominis origin

Answer 42

lower ribs; vertebral column via thoracolumbar fascia; hips

Question 43

Transversus abdominis insertion

Answer 43

rectus sheath

Question 44

Transversus abdominis innervation

Answer 44

spinal nerves T7-T12

Question 45

Transversus abdominis action

Answer 45

Uni: ab-/adduct; rotate Respiration: compress abdomen to exhale

Question 46

Rectus abdominis origin

Answer 46

pubic symphysis

Question 47

Rectus abdominis insertion

Answer 47

lower ribs; xiphoid

Question 48

Rectus abdominis innervation

Answer 48

spinal nerves T6-T12

Question 49

Rectus abdominis action

Answer 49

Bi: flex at trunk Respiration: pull rib cage down & compress abdomen to exhale

Question 50

Superior rectus sheath components

Answer 50

1) . Skin 2) . Camper's 3) . Scarpa 4) . External oblique aponeurosis 5) . Internal Oblique aponeurosis 6) . Rectus Abdominus muscle 7) . Internal oblique aponeurosis 8) . Transversus abdominus aponeurosis

Question 51

Inferior rectus sheath components

Answer 51

Ant: formed from ext oblique, int oblique and transverses aponeuroses Post: no aponeuroses

Question 52

What is the arcuate line?

Answer 52

abrupt transition from sup to inf rectus sheath composition; located below umbilicus 1/3 of distance to pelvis

Question 53

what does the musculophrenic artery supply blood to?

Answer 53

anterolateral diagram and abdominal wall near diaphragm

Question 54

what does the superior epigastric artery supply blood to?

Answer 54

anterior abdominal wall

Question 55

what is the inguinal canal?

Answer 55

tubular passage about 4 cm long, through the inferior ant abdominal wall

Question 56

what does the inguinal canal cross?

Answer 56

1) . peritoneum 2) . retroinguinal space of Bogros 3) . transversalis fascia forms covering of the canal contents 4) . transversus abdominal muscle 5) . internal oblique muscle 6) . external oblique muscle

Question 57

what is found in the inguinal canal?

Answer 57

males = spermatic cord females = round ligament

Question 58

where is the deep internal inguinal ring?

Answer 58

forms an opening in the peritoneum and transversalis fascia called the myopectineal orifice

Question 59

where is the superficial (external) inguinal ring?

Answer 59

forms the opening in the external oblique aponeurosis in to the subcutaneous tissue of the medial pelvis

Question 60

what does the inguinal canal run parallel to?

Answer 60

inguinal ligament and the iliopubic tract