Abdomen Flashcards
superior surface of abdomen
diaphragm (domed to 4th intercostals space)
inferior surface of abdomen
pelvic inlet (superior pelvic apeture)
anterolateral surface of abdomen
muscular wall
posterior surface of abdomen
lumber vertebrae
what lines the abdominal cavity?
Peritoneum
what is visceral peritoneum?
serous membrane covering abdominal organs
what is parietal peritoneum?
serous membrane lining cavity
what is the peritoneal cavity?
fluid filled space in abdomen
what is the mesentery?
continuation of visceral and parietal peritoneum that attaches organ to body wall
what planes create the abdominal quadrants?
Transumbilicial plane (S/I halves)
Median plane (R/L halves)
what is in the right upper quadrant?
1) . R lobe of liver
2) . gallbladder
3) . Stomach: pylorus
4) . Pancreas head
5) . R kidney
what is in the right lower quadrant?
1) . Cecum
2) . Appendix
3) . Most of ileum
4) . R Ovary, Uterine tube
5) . R ureter & spermatic cord
what is in the left upper quadrant?
1) . Liver L lobe
2) . spleen
3) . stomach
4) . Jejunum & prox ileum
5) . Pancreas: body and tail
what is in the left lower quadrant?
1) . Sigmoid colon
2) . Descending colon: Inf part
3) . L ovary & uterine tube
4) . L ureter & spermatic cord
anterior peripheral attachment of the diaphragm
xiphoid process
lateral peripheral attachment of the diaphragm
costal cartilage and ribs 5-10
posterior peripheral attachment of the diaphragm
L1-3 vertebrae and floating ribs
Deep attachment of the diaphragm
central tendon
Major organs superior to diaphragm
1). pericardium (heart) attached to central tendon 2). R/L pleura (lungs)
Organs inferior to diaphragm
1). liver (Ant R side) 2). stomach and spleen (ant L side) 3). kidneys (post)
What muscles pass through the diapgragm?
Psoas major (under med arcuate lig) and quadrates lumborum (under lat arcuate lig)
What blood & lymph vessels pass through the diaphragm?
1) . descending aorta
2) . Inf vena cava
3) . Sup epigastric arteries and veins
4) . azygous and hemiazygous veins
5) . thoracic duct
How does the descending aorta pass through the diaphragm?
via the aortic hiatus formed by L/R crus
How does the inferior vena cava pass through the diaphragm?
via the caval opening in central tendon
how do the superior epigastric arteries and veins pass through the diaphragm?
via sternocostal triangle
how do the azygous and hemiazygous veins along with the thoracic duct pass through the diaphragm?
via aortic hiatus
what passes through the aortic hiatus?
1) . descending aorta
2) . azygous and hemiazygous veins
3) . thoracic duct
how does the esophagus pass through the diaphragm?
via esophageal hiatus
what nerves pass thru the diaphragm?
1) . sympathetic trunk (level of vert column)
2) . A/P vagus (via esophageal hiatus)
Diaphragm innervation
phrenic nerve (C3, 4, 5)
vascular supply of superior surface of diaphragm
thoracic aorta and internal thoracic artery
vascular supply of inferior surface of diaphragm
abdominal aorta
Diaphragm actions
inhale - contract
exhale - relax
Layers of anterolateral muscular wall of abdomen
1) . skin
2) . Camper fascia
3) . Scarpa fascia
4) . muscles (External, Internal Oblique, Transverse Abdominis)
5) . deep fascia of transverse abdominis
6) . extra-peritoneal fat
7) . parietal peritoneum
External Oblique origin
ribs 5-12
External oblique insertion
rectus sheath
External oblique innervation
spinal nerves T7-12
Internal Oblique origin
vertebral column via thoracolumbar fascia; hips
Internal oblique insertion
lower ribs; rectus sheath
Internal oblique innervation
spinal nerves T6-T12
Action of Internal and External Oblique
Bi: flex at trunk
Uni: ab-/adduct; rotate
Respiration: pull rib cage down & compress abdomen to exhale
Transversus abdominis origin
lower ribs; vertebral column via thoracolumbar fascia; hips
Transversus abdominis insertion
rectus sheath
Transversus abdominis innervation
spinal nerves T7-T12
Transversus abdominis action
Uni: ab-/adduct; rotate
Respiration: compress abdomen to exhale
Rectus abdominis origin
pubic symphysis
Rectus abdominis insertion
lower ribs; xiphoid
Rectus abdominis innervation
spinal nerves T6-T12
Rectus abdominis action
Bi: flex at trunk
Respiration: pull rib cage down & compress abdomen to exhale
Superior rectus sheath components
1) . Skin
2) . Camper’s
3) . Scarpa
4) . External oblique aponeurosis
5) . Internal Oblique aponeurosis
6) . Rectus Abdominus muscle
7) . Internal oblique aponeurosis
8) . Transversus abdominus aponeurosis
Inferior rectus sheath components
Ant: formed from ext oblique, int oblique and transverses aponeuroses
Post: no aponeuroses
What is the arcuate line?
abrupt transition from sup to inf rectus sheath composition; located below umbilicus 1/3 of distance to pelvis
what does the musculophrenic artery supply blood to?
anterolateral diagram and abdominal wall near diaphragm
what does the superior epigastric artery supply blood to?
anterior abdominal wall
what is the inguinal canal?
tubular passage about 4 cm long, through the inferior ant abdominal wall
what does the inguinal canal cross?
1) . peritoneum
2) . retroinguinal space of Bogros
3) . transversalis fascia forms covering of the canal contents
4) . transversus abdominal muscle
5) . internal oblique muscle
6) . external oblique muscle
what is found in the inguinal canal?
males = spermatic cord
females = round ligament
where is the deep internal inguinal ring?
forms an opening in the peritoneum and transversalis fascia called the myopectineal orifice
where is the superficial (external) inguinal ring?
forms the opening in the external oblique aponeurosis in to the subcutaneous tissue of the medial pelvis
what does the inguinal canal run parallel to?
inguinal ligament and the iliopubic tract
