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Anatomy Test 2 > Test 2 Joints/Articulations > Flashcards

Test 2 Joints/Articulations Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 8 bones of the skull?

A

1) . frontal
2) . ethmoid
3) . sphenoid
4) . occipital
5) . temporal (2)
6) . parietal (2)

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2
Q

what are the 3 regions of the skull?

A

1) . roof (calvaria)
2) . floor (base)
3) . occiput (back)

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3
Q

how many bones make up the viscerocranium (facial bones)

A

15

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4
Q

what are the 15 bones in the viscerocranium?

A
  1. mandible, ethmoid, vomer, maxillae (2),
  2. inferior nasal conchae (2),
  3. zygomatic (2),
  4. palatines (2),
  5. nasals (2),
  6. lacrimal (2)
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5
Q

Which bones make up the orbit?

A

1) . frontal,
2) . ethmoid,
3) . Lacrimal
4) . Sphenoid
5) . Zygomatic
6) . Palatine
7) . Maxilla

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6
Q

roof of orbit

A

orbital plate of frontal bone

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7
Q

medial wall of orbit

A

ethmoid and lacrimal bones

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8
Q

posterior wall of orbit

A

Sphenoid bone

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9
Q

lateral wall of orbit

A

Zygomatic bone

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10
Q

floor of orbit

A

palatine and maxilla bones

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11
Q

what bone does the optic canal pass through?

A

sphenoid

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12
Q

what bone is referred to as the keystone bone of the cranial cavity?

A

Sphenoid bone

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13
Q

what is found in the sella turcica?

A

pituitary gland

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14
Q

where is the pituitary gland?

A

sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

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15
Q

what passes through the superior orbital fissure?

A

CN 3, 4, 6, and CN V1

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16
Q

what is CN V1?

A

ophthalmic nerve of CN 5 (trigeminal nerve)

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17
Q

name the nerves that pass through the superior orbital fissure

A
  1. occulomotor,
  2. trochlear,
  3. trigeminal (ophthalmic branch),
  4. abducens
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18
Q

what passes through the foramen rotundum?

A

CN V2 (trigeminal - maxillary branch)

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19
Q

what passes through the foramen ovale?

A

CN V3 (trigeminal - mandibular branch)

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20
Q

what passes through the foramen magnum?

A

1) . spinal cord and brain-stem,
2) . vertebral arteries,
3) . CN 11 comes into the skull this way

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21
Q

where is the jugular foramen?

A

posterior cranial fossa between occipital and temporal bone

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22
Q

what goes through the jugular foramen?

A

1) . internal jugular vein,
2) . CN 9
3) . CN 10,
4) . CN 11 (exits here)

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23
Q

name the nerves that pass through the jugular foramen

A

1) . Glossopharyngeal,
2) . Vagus,
3) . Spinal Accessory

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24
Q

what attaches at the temporal styloid process?

A

pharynx and larynx

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25
Q

temporomandibular joint articulation

A

mandibular fossa, head of the mandible,

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26
Q

what passes through the stylomastoid foramen?

A

CN 7 (exiting)

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27
Q

what passes through the internal acoustic foramen (meatus)

A

CN 7 (exiting) and 8

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28
Q

name the nerves passing through the internal acoustic foramen

A

Facial and vestibulocochlear

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29
Q

where is the inferior orbital fissure?

A

posteriolateral aspect of maxilla in the orbit

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30
Q

what passes through the inferior orbital fissure?

A

CN V2 branch and zygomatic nerve off of V2

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31
Q

what forms the piriform aperture?

A

nasal and maxilla bone

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32
Q

what composite structure do the nasal and maxilla bone form?

A

piriform apeture

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33
Q

what forms the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

ethmoid bone

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34
Q

what forms the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

A

1) . ethmoid S/I conchae,
2) . palatine perp plate,
3) . inferior nasal conchae,
4) . maxilla

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35
Q

what forms the floor of the nasal cavity?

A

1) . maxilla palatine plate,
2) . palatine bones

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36
Q

what forms the medial wall of the nasal cavity?

A

1) . vomer,
2) . ethmoid perp plate,
3) . septal cartilage

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37
Q

what forms the anterior cranial fossa?

A

frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones

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38
Q

what forms the middle cranial fossa?

A

sphenoid and temporal bones

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39
Q

what forms the posterior cranial fossa?

A
  1. occipital
  2. sphenoid
  3. temporal bones
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40
Q

what forms the superior and inferior temporal lines?

A
  1. temporal,
  2. parietal,
  3. frontal,
  4. zygomatic bones
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41
Q

what forms the zygomatic arch?

A
  1. zygomatic process of temporal bone
  2. temporal process of zygomatic bone
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42
Q

coronal suture

A

separates frontal and parietal

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43
Q

sagittal suture

A

separates right and left parietal

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44
Q

lambdoid suture

A

separates occipital from parietal

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45
Q

occipitomastoid suture

A

separates occipital from temporal

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46
Q

squamous (parietomastoid) suture

A

separates temporal from parietal

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47
Q

lambda

A

intersection of lambdoid and sagittal sutures

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48
Q

bregma

A

intersection of sagittal and coronal sutures

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49
Q

pterion

A

“H” shaped intersection of coronal, squamous, and sphenoid bone

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50
Q

vertex

A

most superior point of calvaria on sagittal suture

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51
Q

asterion

A

junction of lambdoid, occipitomastoid, and squamous

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52
Q

TMJ joint type

A

synovial; modified hinge

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53
Q

unique feature of TMJ hinge

A

divided into superior and inferior articular cavities each with its own set of movements

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54
Q

TMJ ligaments

A
  1. lateral ligament,
  2. stylomandibular ligament,
  3. sphenomandibular ligament
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55
Q

what does the lateral TMJ ligament prevent?

A

posterior dislocation

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56
Q

what does the stylomandibular ligament prevent?

A

downward dislocation

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57
Q

what does the sphenomandibular ligament prevent?

A

downward dislocation

58
Q

what movements occurs at the TMJ joint?

A
  1. protrusion/retrusion,
  2. elevation/depression,
  3. ab-/adduction
59
Q

what movements occur in the superior articular cavity of the TMJ joint?

A

protrusion/retrusion

60
Q

what movements occur in the inferior articular cavity of the TMJ joint?

A

elevation/depression, ab-/adduction

61
Q

what are the composite structures within the skull?

A
  1. orbit,
  2. nasal cavity,
  3. hard and soft palate,
  4. S/I temporal lines,
  5. A/M/P cranial fossa,
  6. zygomatic arch,
  7. piriform aperture,
  8. cranial cavity
62
Q

what forms the vertebral canal?

A

lined up vertebral foramena

63
Q

what forms intervetebral foramen?

A
  1. Floor: Sup vert notch of pedicle
  2. Roof: inf vert notch of pedicle
  3. Post: lamina/zygapophyseal joint
  4. Ant: body/intervertebral disk
64
Q

what are the 7 vertebral processes?

A
  1. spinous (1),
  2. transverse processes (2),
  3. superior articular processes (2),
  4. inferior articular processes (2)
65
Q

what articulations form the zygapophysial joints?

A

superior and inferior articular processes

66
Q

what is the orientation of the zygapophysial joints?

A
  1. C: transverse
  2. T: oblique coronal
  3. L: (S) sagittal
  4. L: (I) coronal
67
Q

how many articulations does a typical vertebrae have?

A

6 –between each vertebrae x2 –zygapophyseal joint R/L x2

68
Q

6 identifying features of cervical vertebrae

A

1) . transverse foramen
2) . A/P tubercles
3) . grooves for spinal nerves
4) . uncinate processes
5) . bifid spinous processes (C3-6)
6) . vertebra prominens

69
Q

what is an uncinate process?

A

elevated S epiphyseal rim ant and lat.

allows free flex/ext but restricts abd/adduction

70
Q

what limits abd/adduction at cervical vertebae

A

uncinate processes

71
Q

what passes through the Cerv transverse foramen

A

vertebral arteries and veins

72
Q

T/F: the atlas (C1) has a vertebral body?

A

FALSE

73
Q

what does the atlas (C1) have in place of a body?

A

anterior arch connecting pedicles anteriorly

74
Q

what do the lateral masses of C1 do?

A

transmit weight from head to C2, contain sup/inf articular processes

75
Q

unique feature of the axis (C2)

A

dens (odontoid process)

76
Q

how are the articular processes (zygapophyseal joints) oriented in T vert?

A

coronally

77
Q

what movement is restricted at zygapophyseal joints in T vert?

A

Flex/ext

78
Q

where do ribs articulate with vertebrae?

A

Ribs 2-9: body of S/I vert and transverse process of inf vert

79
Q

how are the S/I articulations (zygapophyseal joints) oriented in L vert?

A

S: sagittal

I: coronal

80
Q

unique orientation of L5

A

body is higher A than P creating the lumbosacral angle

81
Q

what 2 surfaces of the sacrum articulate with the hips?

A

1) . sacral tuberosity
2) . auricular surface

82
Q

what type of joint does the pelvis and sacral tuberosity make?

A

fibrous, syndesmosis joint

83
Q

what type of joint does the pelvis and auricular surface make?

A

planar, synovial joint

84
Q

what are symphysis?

A

a type of cartilaginous joint

85
Q

atlanto-occipital articulation

A

occipital condyles with superior articular processes of C1

86
Q

heads of ribs 2-9 articulation

A

Sup facet: vertebral body above Inf facet: vertebral body below Crest - projection between articular facets

87
Q

what is found in the costal groove?

A

intercostal blood vessels, nerve, and muscles

88
Q

what part of the rib forms the costochondral joint?

A

cup for the costal cartilage

89
Q

T2-T9 articulate with ribs where?

A

bilaterally demifacets on sup/inf surfaces

90
Q

joint type for manubrium and 1st rib

A

synchondrosis

91
Q

Costovertebral joint type

A

articulations are planar but overall joint is condyloid

92
Q

Costovertebral joint, # of articulations

A

typically 3 (ribs 2-9)

93
Q

Costovertebral joint ligaments

A

1). strong capsule 2). intra-articular ligament 3). radiate ligament

94
Q

collective movements at the Costovertebral joints?

A

pump/bucket handle – each articulation rotates a little which collectively elevates/depresses the sternum

95
Q

how many articulations does a costotransverse joint have?

A

1 articulation per rib

96
Q

where does the costotransverse joint articulate?

A

transverse process of the inferior vertebrae

97
Q

Costotransverse joint type

A

planar

98
Q

ribs 1-6 costotransverse joints

A

slightly convex (rib) with concave (transverse process) – allow rotation = pump handle

99
Q

ribs 7-10 costrotransverse joints

A

flat planar - allow gliding = bucket handle

100
Q

Costotransverse joint ligaments

A

weak capsule, lateral and superior costotransverse ligaments

101
Q

Sternocostal joints

A

1). rib 1 - synchondrosis 2). ribs 2-10 have costochondral and sternochondral joints

102
Q

costochondral joint type

A

synchondrosis (rib to cartilage)

103
Q

sternochondral joint type

A

synovial planer (cartilage to sternum)

104
Q

sternochondral joint rib 1

A

syncondrosis

105
Q

sternochondral joint ribs 2-10

A

synovial planar/gliding

106
Q

function of pelvic girdle (pelvis)

A

1) . weight bearing linkage between legs and axial skeleton
2) . muscle attachment point
3) .protects organs in pelvic cavity

107
Q

Hip bones

A

Ilium, ischium, pubis

108
Q

landmarks on the ilium

A

1) . ala & body
2) . iliac crest
3) . iliac fossa
4) . ASIS and AIIS
5) . PSIS and PIIS
6) . auricular surface
7) . tuberosities
8) . arcuate line

109
Q

function of auricular surface of ilium

A

synovial articulation with sacrum

110
Q

landmarks on the ischium

A

1) . body
2) . ramus of ischium
3) . ischial tuberosity
4) . ischial spine
5) . lesser sciatic notch

111
Q

landmarks on the pubis

A

1) . S/I ramus
2) . body
3) . pubic crest
4) . pubic tubercle
5) . pectin pubis (pectineal line)

112
Q

what are the composite structures in the pelvis?

A

1) . acetabulum
2) . obturator foramen
3) . greater sciatic notch
4) . pelvic brim (pelvic inlet)

113
Q

what forms the acetabulum?

A

ilium, ischium, and pubis

114
Q

what forms the obturator foramen?

A

ischium and pubis

115
Q

what forms the greater sciatic notch?

A

ilium and ischium

116
Q

what forms the pelvic brim?

A

1) . sacral promontory
2) . arcuate line of ilium
3) . pectineal line of pubis
4) . crest of pubis

117
Q

what forms the pelvic outlet?

A

1) . ischial tuberosities
2) . inferior pubic symphysis
3) . coccyx

118
Q

what are the divisions of the pelvis?

A

1) . greater (false) pelvis
2) . lesser (true) pelvis
3) . perineum

119
Q

what is the greater (false) pelvis?

A

lies above pelvic brim, contains inferior abdominal organs (ileum, sigmoid colon)

120
Q

what is the lesser (true) pelvis?

A

lies between the pelvic brim and pelvic diaphragm and contains pelvic organs (urinary bladder/distal ureters; rectum, genital organs)

121
Q

what articulates at the sacroiliac joint?

A

sacrum and ilium

122
Q

what type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?

A

complex joint, both a syndesmosis and synovial joint

123
Q

which portion of the sacroiliac joint is synovial?

A

Anterior - modified planar with interlocking irregular articular surface

124
Q

which portion of the sacroiliac joint is syndesmosis?

A

Posterior - formed by interosseus sacroiliac ligaments

125
Q

what do the interosseus sacroiliac ligaments do?

A

limit the tilt of the pelvis

126
Q

name the sacroiliac ligaments

A

1) . anterior sacroiliac ligament
2) . posterior sacroiliac ligament
3) . sacrotuberous ligament
4) . sacrospinous ligament
5) . iliolumbar ligament

127
Q

anterior sacroiliac ligament function

A

capsule thickening

128
Q

posterior sacroiliac ligament function

A

limits depression of the sacrum (or elevation of the hips) - continuation of interosseus sacroiliac ligaments

129
Q

sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligament function

A

limit upward rotation of inf sacrum (post tilt of coccyx)

130
Q

what forms the greater sciatic foramen?

A

1) . greater sciatic notch (superior, anterior)
2) . sacrotuberous ligament (posterior)
3) . sacrospinous ligament (inferior)

131
Q

what passes thru the greater sciatic foramen?

A

1) . sciatic nerve
2) . S/I gluteal nerves, arteries, and veins
3) . piriformis muscle

132
Q

what forms the lesser sciatic foramen?

A

1) . lesser sciatic notch (ant, inf)
2) . sacrotuberous ligament (post)
3) . sacrospinous ligament (sup)

133
Q

what movements occur at the sacroiliac joint?

A

limited gliding and rotation act as shock absorber

134
Q

what articulates at the pubic symphysis?

A

pubic bones of R/L hip

135
Q

pubic symphysis joint type

A

cartilaginous disk = symphysis

136
Q

pubic symphysis ligaments

A

S/I pubic ligments

137
Q

what does the inferior pubic ligament form?

A

apex of pubic arch

138
Q

functional joint type of pubic symphysis

A

syn- or amphiarthrosis depending on age

139
Q

what forms the anterior wall of the true pelvis?

A

pubic bones (body and rami) and pubic symphysis

140
Q

what forms the lateral wall of the pelvis?

A

1) . obturator foramen
2) . obturator membrane
3) . obturator internus muscle
4) . tendinous arch of the levator ani muscle

141
Q

what forms the posterior wall of the pelvis?

A

1) . sacrum
2) . ilium
3) . posterior sacroiliac joint ligaments
4) . piriformis muscle

142
Q

what forms the floor of the pelvis?

A

pelvic diaphragm

Anatomy Test 2 (14 decks)

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