Test 2 Joints/Articulations Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 8 bones of the skull?
A
1) . frontal
2) . ethmoid
3) . sphenoid
4) . occipital
5) . temporal (2)
6) . parietal (2)
2
Q
what are the 3 regions of the skull?
A
1) . roof (calvaria)
2) . floor (base)
3) . occiput (back)
3
Q
how many bones make up the viscerocranium (facial bones)
A
15
4
Q
what are the 15 bones in the viscerocranium?
A
- mandible, ethmoid, vomer, maxillae (2),
- inferior nasal conchae (2),
- zygomatic (2),
- palatines (2),
- nasals (2),
- lacrimal (2)
5
Q
Which bones make up the orbit?
A
1) . frontal,
2) . ethmoid,
3) . Lacrimal
4) . Sphenoid
5) . Zygomatic
6) . Palatine
7) . Maxilla
6
Q
roof of orbit
A
orbital plate of frontal bone
7
Q
medial wall of orbit
A
ethmoid and lacrimal bones
8
Q
posterior wall of orbit
A
Sphenoid bone
9
Q
lateral wall of orbit
A
Zygomatic bone
10
Q
floor of orbit
A
palatine and maxilla bones
11
Q
what bone does the optic canal pass through?
A
sphenoid
12
Q
what bone is referred to as the keystone bone of the cranial cavity?
A
Sphenoid bone
13
Q
what is found in the sella turcica?
A
pituitary gland
14
Q
where is the pituitary gland?
A
sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
15
Q
what passes through the superior orbital fissure?
A
CN 3, 4, 6, and CN V1
16
Q
what is CN V1?
A
ophthalmic nerve of CN 5 (trigeminal nerve)
17
Q
name the nerves that pass through the superior orbital fissure
A
- occulomotor,
- trochlear,
- trigeminal (ophthalmic branch),
- abducens
18
Q
what passes through the foramen rotundum?
A
CN V2 (trigeminal - maxillary branch)
19
Q
what passes through the foramen ovale?
A
CN V3 (trigeminal - mandibular branch)
20
Q
what passes through the foramen magnum?
A
1) . spinal cord and brain-stem,
2) . vertebral arteries,
3) . CN 11 comes into the skull this way
21
Q
where is the jugular foramen?
A
posterior cranial fossa between occipital and temporal bone
22
Q
what goes through the jugular foramen?
A
1) . internal jugular vein,
2) . CN 9
3) . CN 10,
4) . CN 11 (exits here)
23
Q
name the nerves that pass through the jugular foramen
A
1) . Glossopharyngeal,
2) . Vagus,
3) . Spinal Accessory
24
Q
what attaches at the temporal styloid process?
A
pharynx and larynx
25
temporomandibular joint articulation
mandibular fossa, head of the mandible,
26
what passes through the stylomastoid foramen?
CN 7 (exiting)
27
what passes through the internal acoustic foramen (meatus)
CN 7 (exiting) and 8
28
name the nerves passing through the internal acoustic foramen
Facial and vestibulocochlear
29
where is the inferior orbital fissure?
posteriolateral aspect of maxilla in the orbit
30
what passes through the inferior orbital fissure?
CN V2 branch and zygomatic nerve off of V2
31
what forms the piriform aperture?
nasal and maxilla bone
32
what composite structure do the nasal and maxilla bone form?
piriform apeture
33
what forms the roof of the nasal cavity?
ethmoid bone
34
what forms the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?
1) . ethmoid S/I conchae,
2) . palatine perp plate,
3) . inferior nasal conchae,
4) . maxilla
35
what forms the floor of the nasal cavity?
1) . maxilla palatine plate,
2) . palatine bones
36
what forms the medial wall of the nasal cavity?
1) . vomer,
2) . ethmoid perp plate,
3) . septal cartilage
37
what forms the anterior cranial fossa?
frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones
38
what forms the middle cranial fossa?
sphenoid and temporal bones
39
what forms the posterior cranial fossa?
1. occipital
2. sphenoid
3. temporal bones
40
what forms the superior and inferior temporal lines?
1. temporal,
2. parietal,
3. frontal,
4. zygomatic bones
41
what forms the zygomatic arch?
1. zygomatic process of temporal bone
2. temporal process of zygomatic bone
42
coronal suture
separates frontal and parietal
43
sagittal suture
separates right and left parietal
44
lambdoid suture
separates occipital from parietal
45
occipitomastoid suture
separates occipital from temporal
46
squamous (parietomastoid) suture
separates temporal from parietal
47
lambda
intersection of lambdoid and sagittal sutures
48
bregma
intersection of sagittal and coronal sutures
49
pterion
"H" shaped intersection of coronal, squamous, and sphenoid bone
50
vertex
most superior point of calvaria on sagittal suture
51
asterion
junction of lambdoid, occipitomastoid, and squamous
52
TMJ joint type
synovial; modified hinge
53
unique feature of TMJ hinge
divided into superior and inferior articular cavities each with its own set of movements
54
TMJ ligaments
1. lateral ligament,
2. stylomandibular ligament,
3. sphenomandibular ligament
55
what does the lateral TMJ ligament prevent?
posterior dislocation
56
what does the stylomandibular ligament prevent?
downward dislocation
57
what does the sphenomandibular ligament prevent?
downward dislocation
58
what movements occurs at the TMJ joint?
1. protrusion/retrusion,
2. elevation/depression,
3. ab-/adduction
59
what movements occur in the superior articular cavity of the TMJ joint?
protrusion/retrusion
60
what movements occur in the inferior articular cavity of the TMJ joint?
elevation/depression, ab-/adduction
61
what are the composite structures within the skull?
1. orbit,
2. nasal cavity,
3. hard and soft palate,
4. S/I temporal lines,
5. A/M/P cranial fossa,
6. zygomatic arch,
7. piriform aperture,
8. cranial cavity
62
what forms the vertebral canal?
lined up vertebral foramena
63
what forms intervetebral foramen?
1. Floor: Sup vert notch of pedicle
2. Roof: inf vert notch of pedicle
3. Post: lamina/zygapophyseal joint
4. Ant: body/intervertebral disk
64
what are the 7 vertebral processes?
1. spinous (1),
2. transverse processes (2),
3. superior articular processes (2),
4. inferior articular processes (2)
65
what articulations form the zygapophysial joints?
superior and inferior articular processes
66
what is the orientation of the zygapophysial joints?
1. C: transverse
2. T: oblique coronal
3. L: (S) sagittal
4. L: (I) coronal
67
how many articulations does a typical vertebrae have?
6 --between each vertebrae x2 --zygapophyseal joint R/L x2
68
6 identifying features of cervical vertebrae
1) . transverse foramen
2) . A/P tubercles
3) . grooves for spinal nerves
4) . uncinate processes
5) . bifid spinous processes (C3-6)
6) . vertebra prominens
69
what is an uncinate process?
elevated S epiphyseal rim ant and lat.
allows free flex/ext but restricts abd/adduction
70
what limits abd/adduction at cervical vertebae
uncinate processes
71
what passes through the Cerv transverse foramen
vertebral arteries and veins
72
T/F: the atlas (C1) has a vertebral body?
FALSE
73
what does the atlas (C1) have in place of a body?
anterior arch connecting pedicles anteriorly
74
what do the lateral masses of C1 do?
transmit weight from head to C2, contain sup/inf articular processes
75
unique feature of the axis (C2)
dens (odontoid process)
76
how are the articular processes (zygapophyseal joints) oriented in T vert?
coronally
77
what movement is restricted at zygapophyseal joints in T vert?
Flex/ext
78
where do ribs articulate with vertebrae?
Ribs 2-9: body of S/I vert and transverse process of inf vert
79
how are the S/I articulations (zygapophyseal joints) oriented in L vert?
S: sagittal
I: coronal
80
unique orientation of L5
body is higher A than P creating the lumbosacral angle
81
what 2 surfaces of the sacrum articulate with the hips?
1) . sacral tuberosity
2) . auricular surface
82
what type of joint does the pelvis and sacral tuberosity make?
fibrous, syndesmosis joint
83
what type of joint does the pelvis and auricular surface make?
planar, synovial joint
84
what are symphysis?
a type of cartilaginous joint
85
atlanto-occipital articulation
occipital condyles with superior articular processes of C1
86
heads of ribs 2-9 articulation
Sup facet: vertebral body above Inf facet: vertebral body below Crest - projection between articular facets
87
what is found in the costal groove?
intercostal blood vessels, nerve, and muscles
88
what part of the rib forms the costochondral joint?
cup for the costal cartilage
89
T2-T9 articulate with ribs where?
bilaterally demifacets on sup/inf surfaces
90
joint type for manubrium and 1st rib
synchondrosis
91
Costovertebral joint type
articulations are planar but overall joint is condyloid
92
Costovertebral joint, # of articulations
typically 3 (ribs 2-9)
93
Costovertebral joint ligaments
1). strong capsule 2). intra-articular ligament 3). radiate ligament
94
collective movements at the Costovertebral joints?
pump/bucket handle -- each articulation rotates a little which collectively elevates/depresses the sternum
95
how many articulations does a costotransverse joint have?
1 articulation per rib
96
where does the costotransverse joint articulate?
transverse process of the inferior vertebrae
97
Costotransverse joint type
planar
98
ribs 1-6 costotransverse joints
slightly convex (rib) with concave (transverse process) -- allow rotation = pump handle
99
ribs 7-10 costrotransverse joints
flat planar - allow gliding = bucket handle
100
Costotransverse joint ligaments
weak capsule, lateral and superior costotransverse ligaments
101
Sternocostal joints
1). rib 1 - synchondrosis 2). ribs 2-10 have costochondral and sternochondral joints
102
costochondral joint type
synchondrosis (rib to cartilage)
103
sternochondral joint type
synovial planer (cartilage to sternum)
104
sternochondral joint rib 1
syncondrosis
105
sternochondral joint ribs 2-10
synovial planar/gliding
106
function of pelvic girdle (pelvis)
1) . weight bearing linkage between legs and axial skeleton
2) . muscle attachment point
3) .protects organs in pelvic cavity
107
Hip bones
Ilium, ischium, pubis
108
landmarks on the ilium
1) . ala & body
2) . iliac crest
3) . iliac fossa
4) . ASIS and AIIS
5) . PSIS and PIIS
6) . auricular surface
7) . tuberosities
8) . arcuate line
109
function of auricular surface of ilium
synovial articulation with sacrum
110
landmarks on the ischium
1) . body
2) . ramus of ischium
3) . ischial tuberosity
4) . ischial spine
5) . lesser sciatic notch
111
landmarks on the pubis
1) . S/I ramus
2) . body
3) . pubic crest
4) . pubic tubercle
5) . pectin pubis (pectineal line)
112
what are the composite structures in the pelvis?
1) . acetabulum
2) . obturator foramen
3) . greater sciatic notch
4) . pelvic brim (pelvic inlet)
113
what forms the acetabulum?
ilium, ischium, and pubis
114
what forms the obturator foramen?
ischium and pubis
115
what forms the greater sciatic notch?
ilium and ischium
116
what forms the pelvic brim?
1) . sacral promontory
2) . arcuate line of ilium
3) . pectineal line of pubis
4) . crest of pubis
117
what forms the pelvic outlet?
1) . ischial tuberosities
2) . inferior pubic symphysis
3) . coccyx
118
what are the divisions of the pelvis?
1) . greater (false) pelvis
2) . lesser (true) pelvis
3) . perineum
119
what is the greater (false) pelvis?
lies above pelvic brim, contains inferior abdominal organs (ileum, sigmoid colon)
120
what is the lesser (true) pelvis?
lies between the pelvic brim and pelvic diaphragm and contains pelvic organs (urinary bladder/distal ureters; rectum, genital organs)
121
what articulates at the sacroiliac joint?
sacrum and ilium
122
what type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?
complex joint, both a syndesmosis and synovial joint
123
which portion of the sacroiliac joint is synovial?
Anterior - modified planar with interlocking irregular articular surface
124
which portion of the sacroiliac joint is syndesmosis?
Posterior - formed by interosseus sacroiliac ligaments
125
what do the interosseus sacroiliac ligaments do?
limit the tilt of the pelvis
126
name the sacroiliac ligaments
1) . anterior sacroiliac ligament
2) . posterior sacroiliac ligament
3) . sacrotuberous ligament
4) . sacrospinous ligament
5) . iliolumbar ligament
127
anterior sacroiliac ligament function
capsule thickening
128
posterior sacroiliac ligament function
limits depression of the sacrum (or elevation of the hips) - continuation of interosseus sacroiliac ligaments
129
sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligament function
limit upward rotation of inf sacrum (post tilt of coccyx)
130
what forms the greater sciatic foramen?
1) . greater sciatic notch (superior, anterior)
2) . sacrotuberous ligament (posterior)
3) . sacrospinous ligament (inferior)
131
what passes thru the greater sciatic foramen?
1) . sciatic nerve
2) . S/I gluteal nerves, arteries, and veins
3) . piriformis muscle
132
what forms the lesser sciatic foramen?
1) . lesser sciatic notch (ant, inf)
2) . sacrotuberous ligament (post)
3) . sacrospinous ligament (sup)
133
what movements occur at the sacroiliac joint?
limited gliding and rotation act as shock absorber
134
what articulates at the pubic symphysis?
pubic bones of R/L hip
135
pubic symphysis joint type
cartilaginous disk = symphysis
136
pubic symphysis ligaments
S/I pubic ligments
137
what does the inferior pubic ligament form?
apex of pubic arch
138
functional joint type of pubic symphysis
syn- or amphiarthrosis depending on age
139
what forms the anterior wall of the true pelvis?
pubic bones (body and rami) and pubic symphysis
140
what forms the lateral wall of the pelvis?
1) . obturator foramen
2) . obturator membrane
3) . obturator internus muscle
4) . tendinous arch of the levator ani muscle
141
what forms the posterior wall of the pelvis?
1) . sacrum
2) . ilium
3) . posterior sacroiliac joint ligaments
4) . piriformis muscle
142
what forms the floor of the pelvis?
pelvic diaphragm
