Verbs Flashcards
~ます
Positive+Present/Future. All Polite verbs end in a variant of this(1). [masu]
~ません
Negative+Present/Future. All Polite verbs end in a variant of this(2). [masen]
~ました
Positive+Past. All Polite verbs end in a variant of this(3). [mashita]
~ません でした
Negative+Past. All Polite verbs end in a variant of this(4). [masen deshita]
いきます
I Go/ I Will Go (Verb Meaning To Go) [ikimasu]
いきません
I Don’t Go/ I Wont Go [ikimasen]
いきました
I Went [ikimashita]
いきません でした
I Didn’t Go [ikimasen deshita]
Te Form. e.g. いって
Another Form of Verbs it is Necessary to Know
いきます / いって
To Go (or Will Go) [itekimasu / itte]
きます / きて
To Come (or Will Come) [kimasu / kite]
みます / みて
To See (or Will See) [mimasu / mite]
よみます/ よんで
To read (or Will Read) [yomimasu / yonde]
たべます / たべて
To Eat (or Will Eat) [tabemasu / tabete]
のみます / のんで
To Drink (or Will Drink) [nomimasu / nonde]
Negative Questions Can Be Used to Politely Invite Someone to do Something. e.g. いきませんか
You Will Not Go? = Wont You Go? [ikimasenka]
You Can Respond in Affirmation to a Question Using a Negative Such As いきませんか using just the Positive Version of The Word いきます
Will You Go? Yes I’ll Go [ikimasenka? ikimasu]
Time Elements Can Be Added Just By Adding Them In Front of the Word e.g. らいしゅう いきます
I’ll go Next Week [raishuu ikimasu]
せんしゅう みました
I Saw (it) Last Week [senshuu mimashita]
まりこさんは らいねん いきます
Mariko Will Go Next Year [mariko-san ha(wa) rainen ikimasu]
せんしゅう すずきさんは よみました
Last Week Suzuki Read [senshuu suzuki-san ha(wa) yomimashita]
A sentence Can Be In Any Order As Long As The Verb Comes Last. (Though Word Order Can Affect Nuance, The Word Closest to The End Generally is Given More Emphasis)
However If No Emphasis Is Needed it is Most Natural to Put the Time Element First, The Subject, then verb
まりこさんは らいねん いきます < Emphasis on Next year
らいねん まりこさんは いきます< Most Natural
Both Sentences Mean The Same Thing.
ください
Please [kudasai] (note kudasai is a verb as it is technically a polite command as it actually means “Please Give Me” in context when asking someone to go you are essentially saying “please give me your going”)
~て ください
Please Do ~ (to be used with verbs te form) [~Te Kudasai]
たべて ください
Please Eat [tabete kudasai]
~ましょう
e.g. たべましょう
Lets ~ [~ mashou]
e.g. Lets Eat [tabemashou]
いきましょう
いきましょうか
Lets Go [ikimashou]
Shall We Go? [ikimashouka]
~ましょうか
Good Way to Ask Someone if They Want to do Something With You Because it is a Friendly and Unimposing Way to do so.
たべ に いかない
shouldnt we eat (used to ask someone to go eat with you)
のみ に いかない
Shouldn’t we drink (same as eating but for drinks)
ちょっと いそがしい かも
A little (chotto) busy (isogashii) maybe (kamo) - a little busy maybe, noncommittal way of turning someone’s attempt to make plans down
いっしょけんめい
To try your best (not the same as ganbaru which is telling someone else to do their best)
なるほど
i see/ i understand
がんぼれ / がんばって
Used to mean “do your best” - go for it etc.
します / して
To Do
はなします / はなして
To Speak
ききます / きいて
To Hear / To Ask
かきます / かいて
To Write
かいます / かって
To Buy
たちます / たって
To Stand
すわります / すわって
To Sit
わかります / わかって
To Understand
To Say You Spoke “with” someone you would use?
と. e.i. まいにち まりこさんと はなします - I talk with Mariko every day
あした すずきさんと はなして ください
Please Talk With Suzuki Tomorrow
ラジオを ききます
せんせいに ききました
i hear the radio/ i listen to the radio - wo is used when using kikimasu to mean hear/listen
i asked (to) the teacher - ni is used when kikimasu means to ask, asking to someone.
おんがくを ききました
おかあさんに ききます
i heard/listen to music
i’ll ask mum
わかります
Literally means to break down, nobody breaks it down, it breaks down on its own and therefor can be understood
すうがく が わかります - means “math breaks down (for me)”, which means they understand it, the easiest translation for it would be “makes sense”
にほんご が わかります - “Japanese makes sense” (to me) - hence why often wakarimasu can just mean i understand
すうがくが わかりません
I Dont Understand Maths
わかりました
That made Sense/ i Understand/ Got it
みちが わかりますか
“Do you understand the roads” - essentially it means do you know the way as michi often means the way to somewhere rather than just roads themselves
あした なにを しますか
What Will You Do Tomorrow
みちに たちましょう
Lets stand in the street
ほんを かきます
ill write a book
にほんごが わかりません
I Dont Understand Japanese
えいごが わかりますか
Do You Understand English?
べんきょう(します)
(To) Study - simply add shimasu and the noun study becomes the verb to study
れんしゅう(します)
(to) Practice
そうじ (します)
Cleaning (to Clean)
りょうり(します)
Cooking (to cook)
でんわ (します)
Telephone (to make a phone call)
もしもし
Telephone Greeting - Correct response to moshimoshi is hai
でんわ しました
i made a phone call
まいにち ピアノを れんしゅう します
I practice piano every day
だいどころを そうじ して ください
Please Clean the kitchen
きょう なにを りょうり しますか
What Will You Cook Today?
にほんごを べんきょう しましょう
Lets Study Japanese
まりこさんに でんわ しました
I Called Mariko
あした やきゅうを しましょう
Lets play baseball tomorrow
も
As a particle it means also or too, as in, “the cat, also”, or “the pencil too”
it replaces the particles wa an ga, but it does not replace ni
これは ねこ です
これも ねこ です
This is a cat
This is a cat too
あなたは にほんじん ですか。 わたしも にほんじん です
are you japanese? im japanese too
いぬが います。 ねこも います
There is a dog. There is also a cat
げつようびに いきます。かようびにも いきます
ill go on monday. ill go tuesday too
えきにも スーパーマーケットにも ゆうびんきょくにも いきました
i went to the station and to the supermarket and to the post office
How do we construct multi-verb sentences
using te forms
in english we abbreviate “this morning i woke up. then i got dressed. then i went to work” into “this morning i woke up, got dressed and went to work.” in japanese te formes are used to do this
けさ あさごはんを たべました。がっこうに いきました。
けさ あさごはんを たべて、 がっこうに いきました。
This morning i ate breakfast. i went to school
This morning i ate breakfast and then i went to school
がっこうに いって、 べんきょう しました
i went to school and studied
きょう テレビを みて、だいがくに いって、 ともだちに でんわ しました。
today i watched TV, went to college, and phoned a friend.
れきしを べんきょう して、 いえを そうじ しました。
I studied history and cleaned the house.
