Ventilation and compliance

Question 1

what is pulmonary surfactant?

Answer 1

• a surface active lipoprotein complex

Question 2

what is pulmonary surfactant formed by?

Answer 2

type 2 alveolar cells

Question 3

what is pulmonary ventilation?

Answer 3

it is the process of air flowing into the lungs during inspiration and out of the lungs during expiration

Question 4

inspiration

Answer 4

inhalation

Question 5

expiration

Answer 5

exhalation

Question 6

what is alveolar ventilation?

Answer 6

the volume of gas expired from alveoli to the outside of the body per minute

Question 7

what is the exchange of gas between the alveoli and the external environment called?

Answer 7

alveolar ventilation

Question 8

what is alveolar ventilation?

Answer 8

it is the process by which oxygen is brought into the lungs from the atmosphere and by which the carbon dioxide carried into the lungs in the mixed venous blood is expelled from the body

Question 9

what is compliance?

Answer 9

arterial compliance is the change in arterial blood volume due to a given change in arterial blood pressure

Question 10

what is C?

Answer 10

compliance = the change in volume divided by change in pressure

Question 11

what is an important cardiovascular risk factor?

Answer 11

arterial compliance

Question 12

what is an index of the elasticity of large arteries such as the thoracic aorta?

Answer 12

arterial compliance

Question 13

what is compliance of arteries?

Answer 13

vascular compliance

Question 14

what is vascular compliance?

Answer 14

the ability of a blood vessel wall to expand and contract passively with changes in pressure is an important function of large arteries and veins

Question 15

what is an important measurement in respiratory physiology?

Answer 15

lung compliance

Question 16

what is associated with a decrease in pulmonary compliance?

Answer 16

fibrosis

Question 17

what is associated with an increase in pulmonary compliance due to the loss of alveolar and elastic tissue?

Answer 17

emphysema/COPD

Question 18

what are pulmonary function tests?

Answer 18

they are a broad range of tests that measure how well the lungs take in and exhale air and how efficiently they transfer oxygen into the blood

Question 19

what does spirometry measure?

Answer 19

measures how well the lungs exhale

Question 20

what tests are used to identify abnormal lung function?

Answer 20

pulmonary function tests

Question 21

what types of lung diseases are pulmonary function tests used to diagnose?

Answer 21

asthma, bronchitis and emphysema

Question 22

abnormal lung function

Answer 22

some lung diseases can make the lungs contain too much air and take longer to empty, these lung diseases are called obstructive lung disorders

Question 23

what does a pulmonary function test demonstrate?

Answer 23

a decrease in the forced vital capacity

Question 24

what are the main symptoms of restrictive lung diseases?

Answer 24

shortness of breath and cough

Question 25

what are restrictive lung diseases?

Answer 25

a category of extra pulmonary, pleural or parenchymal respiratory disease that restrict lung expansion

Question 26

what do restrictive lung diseases result in?

Answer 26

decreased lung volume, an increased work of breathing, and inadequate ventilation and inadequate oxygenation

Question 27

types of obstructive lung disease

Answer 27

- asthma - bronchiectasis - bronchitis - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 28

what are obstructive lung diseases?

Answer 28

a category of respiratory disease characterised by airway obstruction

Question 29

what does many obstructive lung diseases result from?

Answer 29

the obstruction of the smaller bronchi and larger bronchioles, often because of excessive contraction of the smooth muscle itself

Question 30

what obstructive lung diseases generally characterised by?

Answer 30

inflamed and easily collapsible airways, obstruction to airflow, problems exhaling and frequent medical clinic visits and hospitalisations

Question 31

what is the law of Laplace?

Answer 31

it is a law in physics that in medicine is applied own the physiology of blood flow state the law

Question 32

state the law of Laplace?

Answer 32

under equilibrium conditions the pressure tangent to the circumference of a vessel storing or transmitting fluid equals the product of the pressure across the wall and the radius of the vessel for a sphere and half this for a tube

Question 33

where is surfactant secreted to?

Answer 33

the alveolar space

Question 34

what is the main function of surfactant?

Answer 34

to lower the surface tension of the air/liquid interface within the alveoli of the lung

Question 35

what does surfactant do?

Answer 35

it reduces the surface tension of fluid in the lungs and helps male the small air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) more stable

Question 36

what does reducing the surface tension help with?

Answer 36

keeps the small air sacs from collapsing when an individual exhales