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Respiratory system > Control of ventilation > Flashcards

Control of ventilation Flashcards

1
Q

what is hypoxic drive?

A

a form of respiratory drive in which the body uses oxygen chemoreceptors instead of carbon dioxide receptors to regulate the respiratory cycle

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2
Q

factors that affect the rate of breathing

A

blood pH, activity level and the presence of drugs or alcohol

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3
Q

factors that affect the rate of respiration

A

temperature, carbon dioxide concentration

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4
Q

how does high temperature affect the rate of respiration?

A

the rate of respiration decreases with time

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5
Q

how does low temperature affect the rate of respiration?

A

the respiration rate is insignificant

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6
Q

what is a spirometer used for?

A

to measure the depth of breathing

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7
Q

what does a spirometer measure?

A

the volume of air inhaled and exhaled

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8
Q

what peripheral chemoreceptors?

A

they are sensory extensions of peripheral nervous system into blood vessels where they detect changes in chemical concentrations

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9
Q

where are peripheral chemoreceptors located?

A

peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the carotid and aortic bodies

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10
Q

what are peripheral chemoreceptors supplied with?

A

they are supplied with sensory fibres coursing in the sinus and aortic nerves

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11
Q

what do peripheral chemoreceptors receive?

A

they receive sympathetic and parasympathetic motor innervations

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12
Q

why are peripheral chemoreceptors important during hypoxia?

A

they are essential for the immediate ventilatory and arterial pressure increases

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13
Q

what is acid-base imbalance?

A

an abnormality of the human body’s normal balance of acids and bases that causes the plasma pH to deviate out of the normal range

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14
Q

what is alkalosis?

A

when your blood is too alkaline

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15
Q

what are respiratory acidosis and alkalosis due to?

A

due to problem with the lungs

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16
Q

what are metabolic acidosis and alkalosis due to?

A

due to problem with the kidneys

17
Q

what conditions are caused by an underlying disease or disorder?

A

each of respiratory and metabolic acidosis and alkalosis

18
Q

when does acid-base imbalance occur?

A

acid-base imbalance occurs when a significant insult causes the blood pH to shift out of its normal range

19
Q

how is the process that causes the imbalance classified?

A

the process is classified based on the eitology of the disturbance and the direction of change in pH

20
Q

how does the respiratory system contribute to acid base balance?

A
  • the blood carries carbon dioxide to the lungs, where it is exhaled
  • as carbon dioxide accumulates in the blood, the pH of the blood decreases, acidity increases
  • by adjusting the speed and depth of breathing, the brain and lungs are able to regulate the blood pH minute by minute
21
Q

what is eupnea?

A

it is basically quiet restful breathing, the basic rhythm of respiration normally

normal, good, unlabored breathing, sometimes known as quiet breathing or resting respiratory rate. In eupnea, expiration employs only the elastic recoil of the lungs.

22
Q

what are the 2 categories of chemoreceptors that regulate the depth and rhythm of breathing?

A

central chemoreceptors

peripheral chemoreceptors

23
Q

where are central chemoreceptors located?

A

they are located on the ventrolateral surface of medulla oblongata and detect changes in pH of cerebrospinal fluid

24
Q

what do peripheral chemoreceptors consist of?

A

they consist of aortic and carotid bodies

25
Q

what are the chemoreceptors of the cardiovascular system?

A

carbon dioxide chemoreceptors

26
Q

what are the 2 places that the chemoreceptors of the cardiovascular system are located?

A

the carotid arteries and the aortic arch

27
Q

where are the carotid bodies located?

A

they are located in the carotid arteries that tun though the neck to the brain

28
Q

where are the aortic bodies located?

A

they are found in the aortic arch, an arterial feature near the heart

29
Q

what are the main chemoreceptors involved in respiratory feedback?

A

the central chemoreceptors

30
Q

where are the central chemoreceptors involved in the respiratory system located?

A

they are located on the ventrolateral surface of medulla oblongata and detect changes in the pH of the spinal fluid

31
Q

what can be desensitised over time from chronic hypoxia and increased carbon dioxide?

A

the central chemoreceptors in the respiratory system

Respiratory system (24 decks)

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