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Respiratory system > Pleural disease > Flashcards

Pleural disease Flashcards

1
Q

what is pleura?

A

it is a thin membrane that lines the surface of the lungs and the inside of the chest wall outside the lungs

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2
Q

what is a pleural effusion?

A

it is an unusual amount of fluid around the lung, fluid builds up in the space between the layers of pleura

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3
Q

what is a pleural fibrosis?

A

it is a fibrosis of the visceral pleura so that part or all of a lung becomes covered with a plaque or a thick layer of non-expansible fibrous tissue

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4
Q

what is pleural fibrosis?

A

it is fibrosis of the visceral pleura so that part or all of a lung becomes covered with a plaque or a thick layer of non-expansible fibrous tissue

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5
Q

what can cause severe restrictive lung disease?

A

pleural fibrosis

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6
Q

what is the most common cause for pleural fibrosis?

A

pneumonia

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7
Q

list common causes for pleural fibrosis

A

parapneumonic effusion,
empyema
tuberculosis
asbestos

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8
Q

what is usually considered as a complication of other disorders involving the chest cavity?

A

pleural fibrosis

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9
Q

what is a fibrothorax?

A

it is diffuse fibrosis of the pleural space surrounding the lungs

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10
Q

what are some causes of a fibrothorax?

A

hemothorax, pleural effusion and tuberculosis

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11
Q

what can induce a fibrothorax?

A

exposure to certain substances, as with asbestos-induced diffuse pleural fibrosis

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12
Q

what are pleural plaques?

A

they are deposits of hyalinised collagen fibres in the parietal pleura

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13
Q

what do pleural plaques indicate?

A

pleural plaques are indicative of asbestos exposure

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14
Q

when do pleural plaques becomes visible?

A

they typically become visible many years after the inhalation of asbestos fibres

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15
Q

what are the most common manifestation of asbestos related disease?

A

pleural plaques

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16
Q

what can be identified with a very high degree of specificity with CT?

A

pleural plaques

17
Q

what is an empyema?

A

it is the collection of pus in a cavity in the body,, especially in the pleural cavity

18
Q

what can develop after you have pneumonia?

A

an empyema

19
Q

what may happen after you have had surgery on your chest?

A

an empyema

20
Q

what causes pleural effusion?

A

the build up of fluid between the chest cavity and the lungs may be caused by a disease or disorder

21
Q

what does someone who has pleural effusion have?

A

too much liquid in the pleural space

22
Q

list causes of pleural effusion

A 
congestive heart failure
cirrhosis
poor liver function
pulmonary embolism
open heart surgery complications
pneumonia
severe kidney disease
23
Q

what are the symptoms of pleural effusion?

A

chest pain
dry, non-productive cough
dyspnea
orthopnea

24
Q

what is dyspnea?

A

shortness of breath

25
Q

what is orthopnea?

A

the inability to breathe easily unless the person is sitting or standing erect

26
Q

what needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis of transudative pleural effusion?

A

congestive heart failure

cirrhosis with hepatic hydrothorax

27
Q

what is a mesothelioma?

A

it is a malignant tumour that arises from the mesothelial surfaces of the pleural and peritoneal cavities, the tunica vaginalis or the pericardium

28
Q

what is pleural effusion a result of?

A

increased fluid formation and/or reduced fluid resorption

29
Q

what kind of approach for pleural effusion investigation is necessary?

A

a systemic approach

30
Q

is the differential diagnosis for a unilateral pleural effusion wide or narrow?

A

wide

31
Q

list four of the most common causes of transudative pleural effusions

A

heart failure
pulmonary embolism
cirrhosis
post open heart surgery

32
Q

what is pulmonary embolism?

A

it is a blockage of the arteries in your lungs

33
Q

what is pulmonary embolism caused by in most cases?

A

it is caused by blood clots that travel to the lungs from the legs or, rarely, other parts of the body (deep vein thrombosis)

34
Q

basically what is pulmonary embolism?

A

it is a blockage of an artery in the lungs by a substance which migrated from elsewhere in the body through the bloodstream

35
Q

what are symptoms of pulmonary embolism

A
  • shortness of breath
  • chest pain, particularly upon breathing in
  • coughing up of blood

Respiratory system (24 decks)

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