Sleep apnoea and neuromuscular respiratory disorders Flashcards
what does breathing depend on?
coordinated activity of the respiratory muscles to generate sub atmospheric pressure
what are symptoms and signs of respiratory muscle weakness?
insufficient ventilation nocturnal hypoventilation ineffective cough bulbar dysfunction throat irritation difficulty swallowing
what is sleep apnea?
it is a serious sleep disorder that occurs when a persons breathing is interrupted during sleep
what is the presentation of people with untreated apnea?
people stop breathing repeatedly during their sleep, sometimes hundreds of times
what does stopping breathing many times mean?
it means the brain and the rest of the body may not get enough oxygen
if sleep apnea is left untreated, sleep apnea can result in a growing number of health problems, including:
high blood pressure stroke heart failure irregular heart beats heart attacks diabetes worsening of ADHD headaches
untreated sleep apnoea can have serious and life threatening consequences including:
high blood pressure heart disease stroke automobile accidents caused by falling asleep at the wheel diabetes depression other ailments
how is obstructive sleep apnoea managed?
it should be diagnosed and treated promptly
mild apnea management
there is a wider variety of options
describe the management of moderate-to-severe apnoea
the condition should be treated with nasal continuous positive airway pressure
what is narcolepsy?
it is a condition characterised by an extreme tendency to fall asleep whenever in relaxing surroundings
what is idiopathic hypersomnia?
it is a condition characterised primarily by excessive daytime sleepiness
what does a PSG report show?
it shows the different stages of sleep throughout the night
what are typical symptoms of chronic ventilatory failure?
breathlessness orthopnoea ankle swelling morning headache recurrent chest infections disturbed sleep
what is a pulmonary function test?
it is a test that is diagnosed to measure how well the lungs are working
what do pulmonary function tests gauge?
how well the lungs are expanding and contracting and measure the efficiency of the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the air within the lungs
what does non invasive ventilation refer to?
it refers to the administration of ventilatory support without using an invasive artificial airway
what is the role of non invasive ventilation in those with chronic respiratory failure?
it is not clear and remains to be defined, it looks very much like CPAP
define periodic breathing?
a normal variation of breathing found in premature and full term infants
when does periodic breathing occur?
it occurs when the infant has pauses in breathing for no more than 10 seconds at a time followed by a series of rapid, shallow breaths, then the breathing returns to normal without any stimulation or intervention
what is polysomnography?
it is a sleep study, it is a test used to diagnose sleep disorders, it records your brain waves, the oxygen levels in your blood, heart rate and breathing, as well as eye and leg movements during the study
what is primary snoring?
it is a common sleep disorder that usually affects male and female adults, it is a complex condition caused by vibrations of tissue in the upper airway that occur as you sleep
treatment of sleep apnoea
adenotonsillectomy CPAP weight loss avoid environmental tobacco smoke remove the underlying cause
state 3 respiratory disorders
chronic neonatal lung disease
cystic fibrosis
asthma
state 3 neurologic disorders
cerebral palsy
down syndrome
trader-willi syndrome
