Developmental aspects of lung disease

Question 1

What is airway remodelling?

Answer 1

it refers to the structural changes that occur in both the small airways of miscellaneous diseases, including asthma

Question 2

what is the respiratory tract?

Answer 2

it is the passage formed by the mouth, nose, throat and lungs, through which air passes during breathing

Question 3

what are congenital anomalies?

Answer 3

birth defects
congenital disorders
congenital malformations
structural or function anomalies
occur during intrauterine life
can be identified prenatally, at birth or later in life

Question 4

what does airway remodelling refer to?

Answer 4

it refers to the structural changes that occur in both the large and the small airways of miscellaneous diseases, including asthma

Question 5

how many alveoli are you born with?

Answer 5

around 100 million and then get more in life

Question 6

what is stenosis?

Answer 6

narrowing of the major airways

Question 7

what are the 4 main types of congenital lung disorders?

Answer 7

congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations
pulmonary sequestrations
bronchogenic cysts
lobar emphysema

Question 8

what is tracheobronchomalacia?

Answer 8

it is a disease of the central airways resulting from softening or damage of the cartilaginous structures of the airway walls in the trachea and bronchi

Question 9

what is the septum transversum?

Answer 9

it is a thick mass of cranial mesenchyme, that gives rise to parts of the thoracic diaphragm and the ventral mesentery of the foregut in the developed human being

Question 10

where is the septum transversum formed?

Answer 10

in the embryo

Question 11

where does the septum transversum close?

Answer 11

at the embryonic end of the lung development

Question 12

what is a diaphragmatic hernia?

Answer 12

it is a birth defect in which there is an abnormal opening in the diaphragm

Question 13

what is the diaphragm?

Answer 13

it is the muscle between the chest and the abdomen that helps you breathe

Question 14

what is eventration of the diaphragm?

Answer 14

it is an abnormal elevation of the dome of the diaphragm

Question 15

what is eventration of the diaphragm?

Answer 15

it is a condition in which all or part of the diaphragm is largely composed of fibrous tissue with only a few or no interspersed muscle fibres

Question 16

what are the presentations of eventration of the diaphragm?

Answer 16

diaphragm higher up than expected
the diaphragm is not working as well
the diaphragm is up into the chest cavity

Question 17

what are surfactants?

Answer 17

they are compounds that lower the surface tension between 2 liquids, between a gas and a liquid, or between a liquid and a solid

Question 18

how may surfactants act?

Answer 18

as detergents
wetting agents
emulsifiers
foaming agents
dispersants

Question 19

state a neonatal lung disease

Answer 19

surfactant deficiency

Question 20

what is chronic neonatal lung disease?

Answer 20

it is a general term for persisting respiratory problems in premature babies

Question 21

what can a chronic neonatal lung disease mean?

Answer 21

it can mean the baby has a need for prolonged oxygen therapy and has changes on a chest x-ray

Question 22

what is chronic neonatal lung diseases sometimes called?

Answer 22

bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Question 23

what is remodelling?

Answer 23

it is a structural alteration

Question 24

what is oedema result in?

Answer 24

narrowing of your airways

Question 25

what does CNLD stand for?

Answer 25

chronic neonatal lung disease

Question 26

what are chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases?

Answer 26

progressive lung diseases including:
emphysema
chronic bronchitis
refractory asthma
some forms of bronchiectasis

Question 27

how is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease characterised?

Answer 27

breathlessness