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Cardiology > Venous return > Flashcards

Venous return Flashcards

Thaxter

1
Q

What is venous return

A

The rate of flow of blood back to the heart from the tissues

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2
Q

What is the average, normal intracadiac and vascular pressure for the Right atrium

A

0-4 (varies with respiration)

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3
Q

What is the average, normal intracadiac and vascular pressure for the Right ventricle

A

25sys/ 4 diastole

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4
Q

What is the average, normal intracadiac and vascular pressure for the Pulmonary Artery

A

25 sys/10 dias

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5
Q

What is the average, normal intracadiac and vascular pressure for the Left atrium

A

8-10

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6
Q

What is the average, normal intracadiac and vascular pressure for the Left Ventricle

A

120 sys/ 10 dias

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7
Q

What is the average, normal intracadiac and vascular pressure for the aorta

A

120 sys/ 80 dias

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8
Q

List the 5 main mechanisms that enable blood to flow back to the heart

A
  1. Gravity
  2. Abdomino-respiratory pump
  3. Muscle pump
  4. Venous valves
  5. Venous Smooth Muscle
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9
Q

Function of venous valves

A

Also known a pocket valves are one-way valves that prevent backflow of blood

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10
Q

Define blood flow

A

Quantity of blood passing a given point in the circulation in a given period

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11
Q

What is the blood flow in the total circulation of an adult

A

5000ml/min

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12
Q

Poiseuille’s Law states that:

A

Flow rate is directly proportional to resistance
Resistance is directly proportional to length of vessel (L) and viscosity of blood (n)
Flow resistance decreases when vessel diameter increases

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13
Q

Name to 2 types of blood flow and describe them

A

Laminar Flow- Streamlined
outer most layer moving slowest and center moving fastest

Turbulent flow- Interrupted flow
Fluid passes a constriction, sharp turn or rough surface

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14
Q

We measure turbulent flow when we take a pulse. True or False?

A

True

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15
Q

Function of Precapillary Sphincter

A

are rings of smooth muscle that regulate the flow of blood through capillaries; they help control the location of blood flow to where it is needed.

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16
Q

Define Vasomotion

A

Periodic contraction ad relaxation of precapillary sphincters

17
Q

Local control of blood flow

A

Type of acute control that occurs within seconds or mins and facilitates vasodilation and vasoconstriction

18
Q

Long-term local control

A

There is a change in the physical size of the blood vessels
Change in the number of blood vessels
Occurs over days to months

19
Q

3 peptides that increase vascularity are

A

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)
Fibroblast Growth Factor
Angiogenin

20
Q

Vasoconstrictors for local and Humoral Control

A

Serotonin (5-HT)
Thromboxane A2
Endothelin

21
Q

Vasodilators for local and Humoral control

A

Nitric Oxide (from endothelial cells)
Prostacyclin (from endothelial cells)
Histamine
Vasodilator Metabolites from tissue metabolism

22
Q

Ions that cause vasodilators

A

K+ ions
Mg2+ ions
Increase in H+ ion
Anions- acetate and citrate
CO2

23
Q

Ions that causes Vasoconstriction

A

Calcium,
Decrease H+ ions

24
Q

Sympathetic system mainly carries vasoconstrictor nerve fibers. True or False

A

True

25
Q

What is Critical Closing Pressure

A

Pressure at which a blood vessel collapses and blood flow stops

26
Q

What does Laplace’s Law state:

A

Force acting on blood vessel wall is proportional to the diameter of the vessel times blood pressure

27
Q

What is vascular compliance

A

Tendency for blood vessel volume to increase as blood pressure increases.
More easily the vessel wall stretches the greater its compliance

28
Q

Blood flow increases as metabolism increases True or False

A

True

29
Q

An increase of blood flow after the flow to a tissue has been blocked is known as

A

Reactive Hyperemia

30
Q

What is Active Hyperemia

A

An increase in blood flow in response to increased activity

31
Q

What is Shock

A

Inadequate blood flow throughout the body

32
Q

What are the three stages of shock

A

Compensation
Progressive
Irreversible

33
Q

Define the compensation stage of shock

A

Blood pressure decreases only a moderate amount and mechanisms able to reestablish normal blood pressure and flow

34
Q

Define the progressive stage of shock

A

: Compensatory mechanisms inadequate and positive feedback cycle develops; cycle proceeds to next stage or medical treatment reestablishes adequate blood flow to tissues

35
Q

Define the irreversible stage of shock

A

Leads to death, regardless of medical treatment

Cardiology (13 decks)

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