Blood pressure genesis and regulation

Question 1

What is Arterial (Blood) Pressure?

Answer 1

Force generated by the pumping action of the heart on the wall of the aorta and arterial blood vessels per unit area

Question 2

What is blood pressure measured in?

Answer 2

mmHg or cmH20

Question 3

What is the normal blood pressure reading in adults

Answer 3

120/80mmHg

Question 3

1mmHg = how many cm H2O

Answer 3

1.36cmH2O

Question 3

Factors determining Arterial Blood Pressure

Answer 3

Cardiac Output
Peripheral resistance = systemic vascular resistance
Blood volume

Question 4

What does it mean when it is said that the aorta has compliance?

Answer 4

Means that it has elasticity; its stretchable nature

Question 5

What occurs when the aorta is said to be rigid?

Answer 5

When the aorta stretches it does not recoil fully (rigid); less tendency to receive blood and passes the blood along in a dampened way

Question 6

The smaller the pressure change during ventricular ejection the more compliant the aorta; True or False

Answer 6

True

Question 7

In which part of the heart is the resistance the lowest

Answer 7

Right atria

Question 8

What are 3 important sources of resistance of blood flow

Answer 8

Blood viscosity
Total Blood vessel length
Blood vessel diameter

Question 9

If the vessel is long what will happen to the resistance

Answer 9

Resistance will increase

Question 10

If the diameter of the vessel is reduced how does that affect resistance

Answer 10

Increases resistance

Question 11

Where is systemic pressure the highest

Answer 11

In the aorta

Question 12

Systemic pressure declines throughout the pathway; True or False

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Where is systemic pressure the lowest and what is that value

Answer 13

Lowest in the right atrium at 0mmHg

Question 14

Why does the steepest drop in systemic pressure occurs in the arterioles

Answer 14

Because they manage hoe forcefully your blood moves through your body and how much goes to your tissues at any given time.
How do they do this- they can constrict

Question 15

What counteracts fluctuations in blood pressure and how

Answer 15

Short-term neural and hormonal controls- by altering peripheral resistance eg secreting epinephrine which causes vasoconstriction etc
Long-term renal regulation- by altering blood volume

Question 16

Where are chemoreceptors located

Answer 16

Carotid Sinus
Aortic Arch

Question 17

What do chemoreceptors in the carotid monitor to?

Answer 17

CO2, pH or O2

Question 18

What do chemoreceptors in the medulla monitor to?

Answer 18

CO2 and pH

Question 19

What does too much acidity or CO2 indicate

Answer 19

Too much waste in the blood

Question 20

When there is decreased O2, pH and increased CO2 what does that indicate

Answer 20

Decrease in parasympathetic stimulation of the heart and increase in sympathetic stimulation of the heart.
which increases heart rate and force of contraction allowing more ‘clean’ blood in systemic circulation