Histology of liver and pancreas

Question 1

How does all the nutrients absorbed by the intestines enter the liver

Answer 1

Through the hepatic portal vein

Question 2

Absorbed nutrients have to firstly pass through liver capillaries known as?

Answer 2

Sinusoids

Question 3

The liver has dual blood supply name the arteries:

Answer 3

Hepatic Artery (branch of aorta) supplies liver cell with oxygenated blood
Hepatic portal vein which brings deoxygenated blood from the digestive organs

Question 4

What are the hexagonal units the the liver exhibits are called

Answer 4

Liver (Hepatic) Lobules

Question 5

What is present in the center of each hepatic lobule

Answer 5

Central vein

Question 6

How many portal areas can be seen per lobule

Answer 6

3-6

Question 7

Between afferent and efferent blood vessels, which follows the connective tissue highway throughout the liver

Answer 7

Afferent blood vessels

Question 8

What colour does the capsule, septa and hepatocytes stained as?

Answer 8

Capsule and septae- stained blue
Hepatocytes- stained magenta (Masson’s Trichome)

Question 9

What are the structural units of the liver

Answer 9

Hepatic Lobules

Question 10

What is a lobule

Answer 10

A lobule is a roughly hexagonal arrangement of plates of hepatocytes radiating outward from a central vein in the center.

Question 11

What does the hepatic veins enter into after they have left the liver

Answer 11

The Inferior vena cava

Question 12

What makes up the portal triad

Answer 12

Branch of bile duct
Branch of hepatic portal vein
Branch of hepatic artery

Question 13

What is the hepatic acinus oriented around?

Answer 13

Afferent vascular system

Question 14

Components of the Hepatic acinus

Answer 14

Irregular shaped
Roughly ellipsoidal mass of hepatocytes
Aligned around hepatic arterioles and portal venules just as they anastomose into sinusoids

Question 15

Name the zones of the hepatic acinus and describe them

Answer 15

Zone 1: Hepatocytes closest to the arterioles- best oxygenated
Zone 2
Zone 3- Hepatocytes farthest from arterioles

Question 16

How much percent do hepatocytes contribute the mass of the liver

Answer 16

80%

Question 17

The parenchymal cells of the liver are hepatocytes ; True or False?

Answer 17

True

Question 18

How are hepatocytes joined together?

Answer 18

In anastomosing plates

Question 19

Name the 2 borders of the anastomosing plates

Answer 19

Sinusoidal Plates- Border facing the sinusoidal plates
Lateral faces- adjacent hepatocytes

Question 20

A portion of which face of the anastomosing plates is modified to form bile canaliculi

Answer 20

A portion of the lateral face

Question 21

On which anastomosing plate is there an abundance of Microvilli

Answer 21

Sinusoidal face- they project sparsely in the bile canaliculi

Question 22

Hepatocytes are ver active in the synthesis of proteins, which cell organelles are abundant in hepatocytes

Answer 22

Rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 23

Where are golgi apparatus particular abundant in hepatocytes

Answer 23

In the vicinity of the bile canaliculi

Question 24

Apart from the synthesis of proteins, what other functions do hepatocytes have

Answer 24

synthesize and secrete very low density lipoproteins

Question 25

Where do the hepatocytes make contact with blood

Answer 25

In the Sinusoids

Question 26

What are sinusoids

Answer 26

Distensible vascular channels lined with highly fenestrated endothelial cells and populated with phagocytic Kupffer cells.

Question 27

hat is the space between endothelium and hepatocytes called

Answer 27

Space of Disse or Perisinusoidal space of Disse

Question 28

What is the function of the Space of Disse.

Answer 28

Collects lymph for delivery to lymphatic capillaries

Question 29

Where do sinusoids receive blood from

Answer 29

Terminal branches of the hepatic artery and portal vein at the periphery of lobules.

Question 30

Where do sinusoids deliver blood to

Answer 30

Delivers it into central veins

Question 31

What types of cells are found in the Space of Disse

Answer 31

Hepatic Stellate cells (Ito cells)- maintain very sparse ECM of this compartment

Question 32

What supports the connective issue in the liver and what are they made of

Answer 32

Reticular Fibers- Collagen type 3

Question 33

Where do hepatocytes secrete bile

Answer 33

In bile canaliculi

Question 34

Canaliculi converge at the periphery of lobules into the portal area as:

Answer 34

Bile ducts

Question 35

What type of cells lines the bile canals of hering?

Answer 35

Cuboidal epithelial cells called Cholangiocytes

Question 36

The hepatic duct joins with the cystic duct, which conveys bile to and from the gall bladder; True of False

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Which epithelium lines the lumen of the gall bladder

Answer 37

High columnar epithelium

Question 38

Name a hormone that regulates the flow of bile

Answer 38

Cholescystokinin (CCK)- stimulated when dietary fats in chyme enter duodenum

Question 39

Function of Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Answer 39

Causes contraction of smooth muscle in gall bladder, allowing bile to enter duodenum

Question 40

Where does bile salts emulsify fat

Answer 40

Duodenum- allowing more efficient digestion of fats

Question 41

What is the site of Hematopoiesis in the fetus

Answer 41

The Liver

Question 42

Liver is both exocrine and endocrine; True or False

Answer 42

True

Question 43

What are the exocrine secretory units of the pancreas

Answer 43

Acini

Question 44

Components of Acini

Answer 44

Pyramidal-shaped acinar or zymogenic cells

Question 45

What does the apex of the acini contain

Answer 45

Secretory Granules