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Cardiology > ECG > Flashcards

ECG Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of an Electrocardiogram?

A

Measures and records the electrical activity of the heart via electrodes placed on the skin in specific locations.

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2
Q

What are the waves recorded on?

A

International standard ECG paper

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3
Q

Name the 5 waves produced from the ECG

A

P, Q, R, S, T waves

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4
Q

What accounts for the P wave?

A

Atrial depolarization

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5
Q

What initiates atrial depolarization?

A

SA node

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6
Q

Why is the impulse delayed at the AV node after atrial depolarisation

A

Delay is caused by the slim AV node fibres which restricts the impulse from passing through freely

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7
Q

What component of the ECG is produced from this impulse delay

A

Isoelectric PR segment

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8
Q

Explain the QRS complex

A

Ventricular depolarization begins at the septum- left to right (Q), spreads to the apex (R), and the post part pf ventricular muscle (S).

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9
Q

What does the Isoelectric ST line indicate?

A

Ventricular depolarization is complete

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10
Q

Ventricular repolarization begins at the apex and results in which wave forming

A

T wave

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11
Q

Where is atrial repolarization

A

Wave is hidden as it takes place at the same time as ventricular depolarization which overshadows it.

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12
Q

What is the range of the duration and amplitude of a normal P wave?

A

Amplitude: 0.05mV-0.25mV
Duration: 0.06s-0.10s

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13
Q

What is the range for duration of the PR interval

A

0.12s - 0.20 s

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14
Q

What is the range of the duration and amplitude of a normal QRS complex?

A

Amplitude: 0.5- 3.0mV
Duration: 0.06-0.10s

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15
Q

What is the J point?

A

Start of the ST segment

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16
Q

What does the QT interval measure?

A

Measures time of ventricular depolarization and repolarization

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17
Q

What is the duration of the QT interval

A

0.36-0.44s

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18
Q

Which wave often goes unnoticed and what does it signify

A

U wave
Signifies the repolarization of papillary muscles/purkinje fibers

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19
Q

What do the small squares represent on duration and amplitude?

A

0.04sec in duration
0.1mV in amplitude

20
Q

Purpose of the Calibration mark?

A

Serves as a reference point on ECG tracing

21
Q

What is an Artifact?

A

Markings on ECG tracing that are not a product of heart’s electrical activity

22
Q

Examples of what could cause an artifact

A

Patient movement

23
Q

Normal value for the duration of P-R and Q-T interval

A

P-R: 0.12-0.20
Q-T: less than and equal to 0.44

24
Q

Which augmented lead readings is inverted on the graph

25
Which lead is most often chosen as a rhythm strip?
Lead 2
26
There are 9 steps used to interpret ECG's; name them
Rate Rhythm P waves QRS complexes PR intervals ST segments T waves QT intervals U waves
27
What is the average heart rate in adults
60 to 100 beats per minute
28
Formula used to calculate heart rate
300/ # large boxes in R-R interval
29
If number of boxes between R-R = 6. What is the heart rate?
50 bpm which suggest bradycardia
30
How many successive R-R intervals should you check to determine regularity of the heart's rhythm
2
31
R-R intervlas at different distances apart signifies?
Irregular rhythm
32
What are the steps to determine a normal sinus rhythm?
Step 1: Calculate heart rate Step 2:Determine Regularity Step 3: Assess the P waves Step 4: Determine PR interval duration Step 5: QRS duration
33
What 2 vectors does the ECG compare
Heart vector- showing current flow on heart Recording lead vector- with reference
34
The ECG only looks at the charge on the outside of fibers, True or False?
True
34
What do these vectors describe?
Depolarization and repolarization
35
Vectors will always be positioned so that the head of the vector is in area of positive charge , True or False?
True
36
Which lead has the biggest bulk of electrical activity?
Lead 2
37
State Einthoven's Law
In the ECG, at any given instant, the potential of any wave in lead 2 is equal to the sum of the potentials in lead 2 and lead 3
38
Which leads does Einthoven's Law use
Bipolar leads
39
What creates the Hexaxial reference diagram?
Bipolar and Augmented leads
40
What does a positive QRS in Leads 1 and 2 indicate
Heart axis is normal
41
If lead 1 is negative deflection and lead 3 is a positive deflection, what is the axis
Right axis deviation
42
If lead 1 has a positive deflection and lead 3 has a negative deflection, what is the axis
Left axis deviation
43
If lead 1 has a positive deflection and lead 3 has a positive deflection then the axis is
Normal heart axis
44
What does having a left axis deviation mean
Endomorph- short stature Pregnancy Left ventricle hypertrophy Left bundle branch block
45
What does Right axis deviations mean
Ectomorph- tall/thin Hypertrophy of right ventricle Right bundle branch block

Cardiology (13 decks)

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