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Cardiology > Physio basis of arrhythmias n injury > Flashcards

Physio basis of arrhythmias n injury Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an Arrhythmia

A

Abnormal formation of action potential

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2
Q

Name 3 causes of Arrhythmias:

A

Electrolyte imbalance
Drugs
Anatomical Problems
Degenerative changes

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3
Q

What is the range for contraction rates for a flutter

A

250-350 mins

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4
Q

What occurs in Atrial Fibrillation

A

Depolarization currents arise from many sites within the atria and is not via the SA node.

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5
Q

What happens when ventricular rate is greater than 200?

A

Decrease in cardiac output as ventricles do not have enough time to fill.

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6
Q

Features of Ventricular Fibrillation

A

No discernable wavs
No cardiac output
No ventricular filing

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7
Q

Features of atrial fibrillation

A

Uncoordinated, low voltage, high frequency depolarizations
No discernable P wave
Ventricular rate irregular and rapid

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8
Q

Name the 4 AV Node Blocks

A

1st degree AV Block
2nd degree block, Mobitz Type 1 (Wenkebach)
2nd Degree block, Mobitz Type 2
3rd degree AV Block

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9
Q

What is the effect of each AV nodal block

A

1st degree block - PR interval fixed
2nd Mob 1- PR gradually lengthen, then drop QRS
2ns Mob 2- PR fixed, but drop QRS randomly
Type 3- PR and QRS dissociated

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10
Q

Which impulse fails to make it through the AV node in 2nd degree AV block Wenkebach

A

3rd or 4th

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11
Q

Which AV block is represents a complete block of conduction in the AV junction

A

3rd Degree AV block

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12
Q

In the 3rd degree block atria and ventricles form impulses independently of each other. True or false?

A

True

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13
Q

When does the ventricles own intrinsic pacemaker kicks in?

A

30-45 beats/min

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14
Q

1 small box on the x-axis of the graph represents what

A

0.04 seconds

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15
Q

Name 2 heart conditions that are a result of absent P waves

A

Atrial fibrillation and Atrial flutter

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16
Q

Fewer P waves than QRS complexes can be an indication that the patient has tachycardia; True of False

A

True

17
Q

What are the 3 classifications of Arrhythmia

A
  1. Life threatening vs Non-life threatening
  2. Bradyarrhythmia vs Tachyarrhythmia
  3. Supraventricular vs Ventricular
18
Q

What classification does Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome fall under

A

Tachyarrhythmias specifically supraventricular

19
Q

Define sinus pause and arrest

A

Sinus pause and sinus arrest are characterized by the failure of the SA node to form an impulse.

20
Q

Define ventricular escape rhythm

A

Junctional and ventricular escape rhythms arise when the rate of supraventricular impulses arriving at the AV node or ventricle is less than the intrinsic rate of the ectopic pacemaker

21
Q

Wolff Parkinson White Syndrome

A

Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a condition that causes the heart to beat abnormally fast for periods of time.

WPW syndrome occurs due to the presence at birth of an extra pathway in the heart that allows additional electrical signals to pass from the upper and lower heart chambers.

22
Q

Where on the body are the chest leads placed

A

V1-
V2-
V3-
V4- Mid clavicular line, 5th intercostal space
V5-
V6-

23
Q

What happens to the P wave in sinus arrest

A

Before each QRS identical. New rhythm begins after a pause. The P to P interval is disturbed

24
Q

Appearance of P wave in Atrial Flutter graph

A

Sawtoothed Appearance

25
Q

Appearance of P wave in Atrial Fibrillation graph

A

Fibrillatory (fine to course)

26
Q

Appearance of P wave of the Junctional rhythm graph

A

Inverted, absent or after QRS

27
Q

What are the predisposing factors of Ventricular Arrhythmias?

A

Long QT interval
Hypokalaemia
Hypomagnesaemia

28
Q

Appearance of P wave of the Ventricular fibrillation graph

A

Absent

29
Q

Appearance of P wave of the Idioventricular Rhythms graph

A

Absent or not related

30
Q

Acute treatment for heart conditions

A

Intravenous medication eg atropine, epinephrine
Correction of acute abnormalities
Temporary pacing
DC Cardioversion
Defibrillation

Cardiology (11 decks)

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