Venous Hemodynamics

Question 1

The ability to handle large changes in volume without greatly affecting the pressure is called

Answer 1

Venous compliance

Question 2

Pressure on the wall is what type of pressure

a) transmural
b) interstitial
c) intraluminal

Answer 2

a) transmural

Question 3

The difference in pressure from the outside describes what type of pressure

a) transmural
b) interstitial
c) intraluminal

Answer 3

b) interstitial

Question 4

The pressure from the inside describes what type of pressure

a) transmural
b) interstitial
c) intraluminal

Answer 4

c) intraluminal

Question 5

_______ is full and more volume and has less resistance which allows for emptying

a) circular
b) ellipitcal

Answer 5

a) circular

Question 6

_______ is less volume but higher resistance and allows for venous filling

a) circular
b) elliptical

Answer 6

b) elliptical

Question 7

What type of flow has a big role in venous return to the heart

Answer 7

Phasic flow

Question 8

Phasic flow creates pressure gradient for flow into what 2 parts of the body

Answer 8

1) abdomen
2) chest

Question 9

Inspiration does what to abdominal pressure

a) increase
b) decrease

Answer 9

a) increase

Question 10

Inspiration does what to thoracic pressure

a) increase
b) decrease

Answer 10

b) decrease

Question 11

If abdomen pressure is high what happens to the flow in the legs

Answer 11

flow from legs stop

Question 12

If chest pressure is low what happens to the flow in the arms

Answer 12

Flow from the arms flow into the chest

Question 13

During expiration what happens to abdominal pressure

a) increase
b) decrease

Answer 13

b) decrease

Question 14

During expiration what happens to thoracic pressure

a) increase
b) decrease

Answer 14

a) increase

Question 15

Where does lower extremity venous flow into

Answer 15

The abdomen

Question 16

What does upper extremity flow do

Answer 16

Halts and fills

Question 17

What happens to pressure in the chest and abdomen when a person valsalvas

Answer 17

Pressure increases in abdomen and chest

Question 18

After the release of valsalva what should happen to the venous flow

Answer 18

venous flow should augment

Question 19

If there is augmentation of flow during the valsalva maneuver what happens to the flow

Answer 19

Reflux flow

Question 20

What is the hydrostatic pressure when someone is supine

Answer 20

0 mmHg at ankle

Question 21

What is the hydrostatic pressure when someone is standing

Answer 21

100 mmHg at ankle

Question 22

Venous sinuses fill during

Answer 22

relaxation

Question 23

Perforators allow blood to flow from

a) superficial to deep
b) deep to superficial

Answer 23

a) superficial to deep

Question 24

Valves in superficial and perforators normally should close during

Answer 24

contraction

Question 25

Increased venous return to the heart, decreased venous pooling, decreased venous volume, and decrease venous pressure are all components of an

a) effective calf pump
b) ineffective calf pump

Answer 25

a) effective calf pump

Question 26

Increased venous pooling, increased venous volume, increased venous pressure, and venous hypertension are all components of an

a) effective calf pump
b) ineffective calf pump

Answer 26

b) ineffective calf pump

Question 27

What happens to transmural pressure as venous volume increases

a) decreases
b) remains constant
c) increases

Answer 27

c) increases

Question 28

What hemodynamic changes are consistent with a dumbbell shaped vein

a) higher transmural pressure
b) lower intraluminal pressure
c) higher intraluminal pressure
d) higher venous volume

Answer 28

b) lower intraluminal pressure

When the vein is dumbbell shaped or flattened, it is empty which means less volume and less pressure

Question 29

What is the approximate hydrostatic pressure at the ankle in the PTVs in a standing patient

a) 100 mmHg
b) 0 mmHg
c) 140 mmHg
d) -50 mmHg

Answer 29

a) 100 mmHg

Question 30

What happens in a patient with an ineffective calf muscle pump during ambulation

a) increased venous return
b) decreased venous pooling
c) decreased venous pressure
d) increased venous volume

Answer 30

d) increased venous volume

-When walking, venous reflux is greater so overall venous volume is also increased

Question 31

What best describes the lower extremity venous system in a patient standing quietly

a) increased venous emptying
b) lower intraluminal pressure
c) decreased hydrostatic pressure
d) increased venous pressure

Answer 31

d) increased venous pressure

-A patient standing would have increased venous pressure. While standing there is muscle relaxation and so then venous filling within the deep system and soleal sinuses. Venous filling always means increased volume and pressure

Question 32

What normally happens to the valves within the perforators during muscle contraction to the calf

a) closure
b) flatten
c) expansion
d) remain open

Answer 32

a) closure

Question 33

What occurs within the lower extremity venous system during inspiration

a) venous emptying
b) flow is augmented
c) venous filling
d) decrease venous volume

Answer 33

c) venous filling

-Inspiration increases abdominal pressure. Flow will not go towards high pressure. Legs stop flowing up which means they are filling

Question 34

What is the normal result upon performing a Valsalva maneuver

a) venous flow ceases during and augments upon release
b) venous flow augments both during and after release
c) venous flow augments during and stops upon release
d) venous flow halts during and releases upon release

Answer 34

a) venous flow ceases during and augments upon release

Question 35

What results due to an ineffective calf muscle pump

a) decreased venous return
b) increased venous pooling
c) decreased venous pressure
d) increased venous return

Answer 35

b) increased venous pooling

Question 36

How much blood should be ejected from the effective calf muscle pump

a) 50%
b) 60%
c) 40%
d) 100%

Answer 36

b) 60%

Question 37

The veins hold what percentage of the bodies blood volume?

a) 15-30%
b) 25-40%
c) 40-50%
d) 60-80%

Answer 37

b) 25-40%