Venous Disease and Clinical History Flashcards
Name the 2 types of venous disease
1) acute obstruction (thrombosis)
2) chronic insufficiency
For an acute DVT where is they most frequently originate at
venous valves or sinuses
What is the great clinical dancer of an acute DVT
Pulmonary embolism
What is the most likely complication from an acute DVT
venous insufficiency
Name the 4 symptoms of an acute DVT
1) pain
2) swelling
3) redness
4) warmth
Risk factors that contribute to the formation of clots describes
Virchows triad
Name the 3 factors of virchows triad
1) trauma
2) stasis
3) hypercoagulability
Catheters, PICC lines, and IV’s are examples of what risk factor for virchows triad
Intrinsic trauma
Bed rest, obesity, pregnancy, paralytics, CHF, and surgery are examples of what type of factor for Virchows triad
Stasis
Increased clotting of blood, pregnancy, cancer, oral contraceptives, and inherited stasis are examples of what type of factor for virchows triad
Hypercoagulability
Stress or effort of thrombosis of subclavian or axillary due to repetitive trauma to vessel describes
Paget-Schroetter
Left compression of the CIV is what syndrome
May-Thurner Syndrome
Compression of the left renal vein by the SMA and Aorta describes what syndrome
Nutcracker syndrome
Thrombosis or compression of the SVC by a mass that causes bilateral facial swelling, bilateral upper extremity swelling, and dyspnea describes what syndrome
SVC syndrome
Pain, swelling, white and triggers arterial spasms are symptoms of what
Phlegmasia alba dolens
pain, swelling, blue, and reduces arterial inflow are symptoms of what
Phlegmasia cerulea dolens
Valvular incompetence where valves leak and no longer maintain uniderectional flow that causes venous hypertension describes
Venous insufficiency
Hypoplastic or absent deep veins describes what
Klippel-Trenauny
What are the 2 types of edema
1) pitting
2) non-pitting
This type of edema happens when manual pressure is applied and leaves a dent in the skin
Pitting
Fluid retention, renal dysfunction, and increased venous pressure go with what type of edema
Pitting
This type of edema happens when the tissue is so engorged with fluid that is caused by lymphedema
Non-pitting
Hardening of the skin due to constant irritation of tissue describes what
Lipodermatosclerosis
shallow, oozy, less painful, irregular, brawny and swelling are symptoms of
a) venous
b) arterial
a) venous
Where are venous ulcers usually located
on the medial malleolus or calf
Where are arterial ulcers usually located
on the toes or bony regions
Deep, dry, very painful, regular, dry skin, and thick toenails are symptoms of
a) venous
b) arterial
b) arterial
Which of the following can be responsible for primary varicose veins
a) post-phlebitic syndrome
b) obesity
c) pregnancy
d) klippel-Trenauny
d) Klippel-Trenauny
-primary varicose veins are caused by congenital venous abnormalities such as hypoplastic or absent valves
What best describes post-thrombotic syndrome
a) edema due to increased capillary pressure
b) hemosiderin deposits in the subcutaneous tissue
c) reduced arterial inflow due to venous obstruction
d) valvular damage and insufficiency
d) valvular damage and insufficiency
-This is the most common complication of DVT. Valvular damage due to thrombus and venous stretching results in chronic venous insufficiency
What hemodynamic result will exercise cause in a patient with an ineffective calf muscle pump
a) decreased venous volume
b) decreased venous pooling
c) increased venous pressure
d) increased venous return
c) increased venous pressure
-exercise would worsen the venous pressure in a patient with incompetent valves since the calf contraction ejects blood in all directions
What mechanism of disease best relates to Paget-Schroetter
a) stasis
b) trauma
c) compression
d) hypercoaguability
b) trauma
- Paget-Schroetter is caused by repetitive trauma and stress thrombosis of the upper extremity veins. This can also be considered the venous component of TOS
Where is a venous ulcer most likely to occur
a) anterior to superficial veins
b) toes and dorsum of foot
c) upper-third of calf
d) lower third of calf
d) lower third of calf
What is the most common complication of acute DVT?
a) venous insufficiency
b) distal embolism
c) pulmonary embolism
d) acute arterial occlusion
a) venous insufficiency
-Thrombosis is most likely to cause valve damage resulting in chronic venous insufficiency. Pulmonary embolism would be the most serious complication but not the most common
