Arterial Disease and Clinical History Flashcards
Hardening and thickening of arterial wall eventually forming plaque and stenosis is called
Atherosclerosis
What is the most common type of arterial disease
Atherosclerosis
What is the most common location for atherosclerosis to form
Distal SFA
Pain and muscle fatigue with activity that patient must stop to rest and the pain is relieved upon rest defines
Claudication
Pain in feet and heels at night in bed or when limb is at the same level as the heart and is relieved upon dependency defines
Rest pain
Dry skin, loss of hair, thick toenails, pale skin and cool to touch are trophic changes of what type of disease
a) venous
b) arterial
Arterial
Ulcers that are dry, deep, painful and involve the toes and tops of feet are physical sings of what type of disease
a) venous
b) arterial
b) arterial
What is caused by trauma or dissection
Thrombus
What is the most common source of embolism
The heart
This type of phenomenon is when a patient experiences symtpoms of ischemia in hands or feet when exposed to cold
Raynauds phenomenon
What type of Raynauds is in young women and symptoms are bilateral
Primary
This type of Raynauds experience vasospasm when cold or emotionally stressed. It is also a functional disease
Primary
What type of Raynauds is caused by something else and the patient has existing fixed arterial disease
Secondary
Inflammation of a vessel wall defines
arteritis
What are the 2 types of arteritis
1) Takayasu
2) Buergers disease
What type of arteritis is in young asian women and affects larger vessels and is called “pulseless disease”
Takayasu
What is another name for Buergers disease
Thromboangitis Obliterans
What is the most common type of arteritis
Buergers disease
What type of arteritis is in young men less than 40 that are heavy smokers and affect the smallest digital vessels
Buergers disease
What type of aneurysm is involves dilatation of all 3 layers of the wall
True
What is the most common location for a true aneurysm
Infrarenal aorta
What is the most common cause of aneurysms
Atherosclerosis
What is the most common type of aneurysm
Fusiform
What type of aneurysm is when not all 3 layers are dilated
False
This type of aneurysm is weakening of layers causing intimal flap or tear
False
A false aneurysm is most often in what part of the aorta
Thoracic aorta
What is another name for a pseudoaneurysm
Pulsating hematoma
A pseudoaneurysm must have what 2 things to confirm diagnosis
1) communicating neck
2) channel
Congenital narrowing of the aortic arch defines
Coarctation
Compression of the popliteal by the gastrocemius muscle defines
Popliteal entrapment
Compression of nerves or blood vessels by shoulders, ribs, and muscles defines
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Compression of an artery by swelling trapped inside the fascia defines
Compartment syndrome
What clinical finding is most likely indicative of an acute arterial occlusion
a) dependent rubor
b) pale discoloration
c) loss of hair
d) bruit
b) pale discoloration
-The 6 P’s indicate acute arterial occlusion
A patient is referred to the department for ischemic rest pain and a non-healing ulcer on the toe. What is the most likely etiology of the patients symptoms
a) moderate atheroscloersis
b) mild chronic arterial disease
c) severe chronic occlusive disease
d) acute arterial occlusion
c) severe chronic occlusive disease
Rest pain and ulcers are indicative of what type of disease
a) moderate
b) severe
b) severe
Claudication is indicative of what type of disease
a) moderate
b) severe
a) moderate
What causes blue toe syndrome
a) embolism
b) raynauds phenomenon
c) atherosclerosis
d) dissection
a) embolism
-blue toe syndrome is a sudden onset of arterial ischemia affecting only the big toe. Since the smaller digital vessels are affected it is most likely caused by an embolism
A 29 year old male patient with a history of smoking presents with intermittent claudication while jogging. What is the most likely etiology?
a) chronic peripheral arterial disease
b) arteritis
c) buergers disease
d) popliteal entrapment
d) popliteal entrapment
What is the most common type of arteritis?
a) takayasu’s arteritis
b) thromboangitis obliterans
c) arteriosclerosis
d) coarctation of the aorta
b) thromboangitis obliterans
What does the delayed return of the capillary blush after pressure on the pulp of the digit indicate
a) advanced ischemia
b) raynauds phenomenon
c) acute arterial occlusion
d) chronic venous obstruction
a) advanced ischemia
What is the most likely diagnosis in a patient presenting with abdominal pain and a bounding pulse?
a) aortic occlusion
b) aortic aneurysm
c) aortic dissection
d) renal artery stenosis
b) aortic aneurysm
What best describes ulcers caused by severe arterial ischemia?
a) can be documented anywhere in the limb with disease
b) Always at the level of severe occlusive disease
c) Usually found on the heels of the foot
d) Most often noted on toes and dorsum of foot
d) Most often noted on toes and dorsum of foot
What type of Takayasu arteritis involves the aortic arch and its branches?
a) Type 1
b) Type 2
c) Type 3
d) Type 4
a) Type 1
What type of Takayasu arteritis involves the thoracic and abdominal aorta?
a) Type 1
b) Type 2
c) Type 3
d) Type 4
b) Type 2
What type of Takayasu arteritis involves the aortic arch and its branches, the abdominal and thoracic aorta?
a) Type 1
b) Type 2
c) Type 3
d) Type 4
c) Type 3
What type of Takayasu arteritis is related to pulmonary vessels?
a) Type 1
b) Type 2
c) Type 3
d) Type 4
d) Type 4
Your patient has erythema and edema along his anterior tibial regions, this is most likely
a) venous ulcers
b) varicose veins
c) thrombophlebitis
d) cellulitis
d) cellulitis
