Cerebrovascular Anatomy Flashcards
The right common carotid artery originates at what artery
Brachiocephalic artery
What artery orginates directly off the arch
Left common carotid
The common carotid bifurcates into what arteries
1) ICA
2) ECA
70% of CCA blood goes to what artery?
a) ICA
b) ECA
a) ICA
Which artery feeds the face, neck, and scalp
a) ICA
b) ECA
b) ECA
Name the first branch of the ECA
Superior thyroid artery
Name the first branch of the ICA
Opthalmic artery
Where does the ICA terminate at
Circle of Willis
The ICA bifurcates at the circle of Willis when it bifurcates into what two arteries
1) ACA
2) MCA
The vertebral artery originates at what artery
Subclavian
The vertebral artery unites to form what artery
basilar artery
The basilar artery bifurcates into what artery
PCA
Intracranial pathway for collateral flow is the
Circle of Willis
_____% have an incomplete circle of willis
50
What two arteries supply the circle of willis
1) ICA
2) basilar
Name the three arteries supplied by the circle of willis
1) ACA
2) MCA
3) PCA
What artery connects the right and left ACA
Anterior communicating artery
What artery connects posterior to anterior
Posterior communicating artery
_______ circulation is a network of vessels near the eye connecting the external and internal systems
Periorbital
Name the 5 arteries of the periorbital circulation
1) supraorbital
2) superficial temporal
3) nasal
4) facial
5) ophthalmic
High cardiac output= _______ PSV bilat
increased
Poor cardiac output= ______ PSV and ______ wave profile
decreased and dampened
A low hemoglobin is ______ viscous
Less
A low hemoglobin leads to a ___ in resistance and overall high velocities througout
decrease
If resistance is increased and there is a decrease in EDV where would the obstruction be located
a) proximal to severe obstruction
b) within the stenosis
c) distal to the obstruction
A) proximal to severe obstruction
If there is focal elevation of the PSV and EDV with spectral broadening where is the level of obstruction
a) proximal to severe obstruction
b) within the stenosis
c) distal to the obstruction
b) within the stenosis
If there is post stenotic turbulence, rounding of the waveform and a slow upstroke where is the level of obstruction
a) proximal to severe obstruction
b) within the stenosis
c) distal to the obstruction
c) distal to the obstruction
Where does the left CCA arise?
a) left brachiocephalic trunk
b) aorta
c) left subclavian artery
d) carotid bulb
b) aort
An abnormally increased resistance waveform would be an indication of what?
a) distal occlusive disease
b) proximal arterial obstruction
c) aneurysmal disease
d) cardiac malformation
a) distal occlusive disease
-abnormally increased resistance waveforms means a distal problem of the arterial system. Distal severe stenosis, distal arterial obstruction, distal occlusion, or distal occlusive disease are all examples of different ways to express the most likely reason for abnormal high resistance
Where do the vertebral arteries terminate?
a) basilar artery bifurcation
b) at the basilar artery
c) carotid siphon
d) subclavian arteries
b) at the basilar artery
Which of the following vessels of the Circle of Willis may be absent in a normal patient
a) posterior cerebral artery
b) posterior communcating artery
c) carotid siphon
d) middle cerebral artery
b) posterior communicating artery
-The essential vessels are the ones that go towards or come from the Circle: ICA, MCA, Basilar, and PCA. the connecting arteries are only used when needed as part of a collateral pathway: Anterior and Posterior communicating arteries.
What would be a possible cause of dampened waveforms at both common carotid arteries
a) decreased left ventricular output
b) decreased blood viscosity
c) high cardiac output
d) right sided heart failure
a) decreased left ventricular output
-dampened, bilateral flow changes indicate the issue is coming from the heart. Poor cardiac output is the same as saying decreased left ventricular output. The arterial system would be affected by the left sided function of the heart while the right side of the heart could affect the venous system
Name the second branch of the aortic arch
Left CCA
Name the 8 branches of the ECA
1) superior thyroid artery
2) ascending pharyngeal artery
3) linguial artery
4) facial artery
5) occipital artery
6) posterior auricular artery
7) superficial temporal artery
8) maxillary artery
Which vertebral artery is smaller?
a) right
b) left
a) right
The vertebral and basilar arteries enter the skull through what
Foramen Magnum
Name the 3 major branches of the opthalamic artery
1) Supraorbital
2) Frontal
3) Nasal
The basilar artery supplies blood to what 2 vessels in the brain
1) pons
2) cerebellum
