Cerebrovascular Anatomy

Question 1

The right common carotid artery originates at what artery

Answer 1

Brachiocephalic artery

Question 2

What artery orginates directly off the arch

Answer 2

Left common carotid

Question 3

The common carotid bifurcates into what arteries

Answer 3

1) ICA
2) ECA

Question 4

70% of CCA blood goes to what artery?

a) ICA
b) ECA

Answer 4

a) ICA

Question 5

Which artery feeds the face, neck, and scalp

a) ICA
b) ECA

Answer 5

b) ECA

Question 6

Name the first branch of the ECA

Answer 6

Superior thyroid artery

Question 7

Name the first branch of the ICA

Answer 7

Opthalmic artery

Question 8

Where does the ICA terminate at

Answer 8

Circle of Willis

Question 9

The ICA bifurcates at the circle of Willis when it bifurcates into what two arteries

Answer 9

1) ACA
2) MCA

Question 10

The vertebral artery originates at what artery

Answer 10

Subclavian

Question 11

The vertebral artery unites to form what artery

Answer 11

basilar artery

Question 12

The basilar artery bifurcates into what artery

Answer 12

PCA

Question 13

Intracranial pathway for collateral flow is the

Answer 13

Circle of Willis

Question 14

_____% have an incomplete circle of willis

Answer 14

50

Question 15

What two arteries supply the circle of willis

Answer 15

1) ICA
2) basilar

Question 16

Name the three arteries supplied by the circle of willis

Answer 16

1) ACA
2) MCA
3) PCA

Question 17

What artery connects the right and left ACA

Answer 17

Anterior communicating artery

Question 18

What artery connects posterior to anterior

Answer 18

Posterior communicating artery

Question 19

_______ circulation is a network of vessels near the eye connecting the external and internal systems

Answer 19

Periorbital

Question 20

Name the 5 arteries of the periorbital circulation

Answer 20

1) supraorbital
2) superficial temporal
3) nasal
4) facial
5) ophthalmic

Question 21

High cardiac output= _______ PSV bilat

Answer 21

increased

Question 22

Poor cardiac output= ______ PSV and ______ wave profile

Answer 22

decreased and dampened

Question 23

A low hemoglobin is ______ viscous

Answer 23

Less

Question 24

A low hemoglobin leads to a ___ in resistance and overall high velocities througout

Answer 24

decrease

Question 25

If resistance is increased and there is a decrease in EDV where would the obstruction be located a) proximal to severe obstruction b) within the stenosis c) distal to the obstruction

Answer 25

A) proximal to severe obstruction

Question 26

If there is focal elevation of the PSV and EDV with spectral broadening where is the level of obstruction a) proximal to severe obstruction b) within the stenosis c) distal to the obstruction

Answer 26

b) within the stenosis

Question 27

If there is post stenotic turbulence, rounding of the waveform and a slow upstroke where is the level of obstruction a) proximal to severe obstruction b) within the stenosis c) distal to the obstruction

Answer 27

c) distal to the obstruction

Question 28

Where does the left CCA arise? a) left brachiocephalic trunk b) aorta c) left subclavian artery d) carotid bulb

Answer 28

b) aort

Question 29

An abnormally increased resistance waveform would be an indication of what? a) distal occlusive disease b) proximal arterial obstruction c) aneurysmal disease d) cardiac malformation

Answer 29

a) distal occlusive disease -abnormally increased resistance waveforms means a distal problem of the arterial system. Distal severe stenosis, distal arterial obstruction, distal occlusion, or distal occlusive disease are all examples of different ways to express the most likely reason for abnormal high resistance

Question 30

Where do the vertebral arteries terminate? a) basilar artery bifurcation b) at the basilar artery c) carotid siphon d) subclavian arteries

Answer 30

b) at the basilar artery

Question 31

Which of the following vessels of the Circle of Willis may be absent in a normal patient a) posterior cerebral artery b) posterior communcating artery c) carotid siphon d) middle cerebral artery

Answer 31

b) posterior communicating artery -The essential vessels are the ones that go towards or come from the Circle: ICA, MCA, Basilar, and PCA. the connecting arteries are only used when needed as part of a collateral pathway: Anterior and Posterior communicating arteries.

Question 32

What would be a possible cause of dampened waveforms at both common carotid arteries a) decreased left ventricular output b) decreased blood viscosity c) high cardiac output d) right sided heart failure

Answer 32

a) decreased left ventricular output -dampened, bilateral flow changes indicate the issue is coming from the heart. Poor cardiac output is the same as saying decreased left ventricular output. The arterial system would be affected by the left sided function of the heart while the right side of the heart could affect the venous system

Question 33

Name the second branch of the aortic arch

Answer 33

Left CCA

Question 34

Name the 8 branches of the ECA

Answer 34

1) superior thyroid artery 2) ascending pharyngeal artery 3) linguial artery 4) facial artery 5) occipital artery 6) posterior auricular artery 7) superficial temporal artery 8) maxillary artery

Question 35

Which vertebral artery is smaller? a) right b) left

Answer 35

a) right

Question 36

The vertebral and basilar arteries enter the skull through what

Answer 36

Foramen Magnum

Question 37

Name the 3 major branches of the opthalamic artery

Answer 37

1) Supraorbital 2) Frontal 3) Nasal

Question 38

The basilar artery supplies blood to what 2 vessels in the brain

Answer 38

1) pons 2) cerebellum