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Vascular board review (myultrasoundtutor) > Physics Review > Flashcards

Physics Review Flashcards

1
Q

Operating or transducer frequency is choose based on scanning depth and depends on what 2 factors

A

1) scan type
b) body habitus

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2
Q

If you increase the frequency what happens to the axial resolution and penetration

A

Better axial resolution
poor penetration

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3
Q

If you decrease the frequency what happens to the penetration and axial resolution

A

Deeper penetration
Degrade axial resolution

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4
Q

What type of transducer and frequency would you use for a peripheral duplex exam

A

7-12 MHz linear array

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5
Q

What type of transducer and frequency would you use for an abdominal duplex exam

A

2-6 MHz curved linear array

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6
Q

What type of transducer and frequency would you use for an intraoperative exam

A

12-15 MHz array

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7
Q

What type of imaging resolution depends on transducer frequency

a) axial
b) lateral
c) temporal

A

a) axial

  • increase frequency to improve visualization of vessel wall thickness or plaque
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8
Q

What type of imaging resolution depends on beam width

a) axial
b) lateral
c) temporal

A

b) Lateral

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9
Q

Increasing the number of focal zones, increasing line density, and decreasing sector angle all help improve what imaging resolution

a) axial
b) lateral
c) temporal

A

b) lateral

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10
Q

What type of imaging resolution depends on frame rate

a) axial
b) lateral
c) temporal

A

c) temporal

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11
Q

Decreasing line density/ sector angle, decreasing the number of focal zones, and decreasing the color box all improve which imaging resolution

a) axial
b) lateral
c) temporal

A

c) temporal

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12
Q

What are 2 other names for reverberation

A

1) comet tail
b) ring down

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13
Q

Several bright false echoes deep to real reflectors describe what artifact

a) reverberation
b) posterior shadowing
c) posterior enhancement
d) mirror image

A

a) reverberation

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14
Q

Microcalcifications, gas bubbles, syringe needles, and catheters are examples of what artifact

a) reverberation
b) posterior shadowing
c) posterior enhancement
d) mirror image

A

a) reverberation

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15
Q

What artifact has severe attenuation with a dark band deep to highly reflecting objects

a) reverberation
b) posterior shadowing
c) posterior enhancement
d) mirror image

A

b) posterior shadowing

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16
Q

Bony structures and calcified plaque are examples of what imaging artifact

a) reverberation
b) posterior shadowing
c) posterior enhancement
d) mirror image

A

b) posterior shadowing

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17
Q

Lack of attenuation from fluid-filled structures describes what imaging artifact

a) reverberation
b) posterior shadowing
c) posterior enhancement
d) mirror image

A

c) posterior enhancement

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18
Q

Cysts and hematomas are examples of what imaging artifact

a) reverberation
b) posterior shadowing
c) posterior enhancecment
d) mirror image

A

c) posterior enhancement

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19
Q

Copy of echoes deep to renal anatomy/specular reflectors describes what imaging artifact

a) reverberation
b) posterior shadowing
c) posterior enhancement
d) mirror image

A

d) mirror image

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20
Q

The liver/diaphragm and larger arteries are examples of what imaging artifact

a) reverberation
b) posterior shadowing
c) posterior enhancement
d) mirror image

A

d) mirror image

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21
Q

Moving towards the sound source the received frequency would be

a) higher
b) lower

A

a) higher

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22
Q

Moving away from the sound source the received frequency would be

a) higher
b) lower

A

b) lower

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23
Q

The difference between the reflected and transmitted frequencies is called

A

Frequency shift

24
Q

What is another name for frequency shift

A

Doppler shift

25
Q

If the received frequency is greater than the transmitted this would be considered a

a) positive shift
b) negative shift

A

a) positive shift

26
Q

If the received frequency is less than the transmitted this would considered a

a) positive shift
b) negative shift

A

b) negative shift

27
Q

How are velocity and shift related

A

Direct

28
Q

How are frequency and shift related

A

Direct

29
Q

How are angle and shift related

A

Inverse

30
Q

If the angle is closer to 90 degrees what happens to the doppler shift

a) decrease
b) no shift
c) greater shift

A

a) decrease

31
Q

If the angle is 90 degrees or perpendicular what happens to the shift

a) decreases
b) no shift
c) greater shift

A

b) no shift

32
Q

What happens to the shift when the angle is 0 degrees or parallel or 180 degrees

a) decreases
b) no shift
c) greater shift

A

c) greater shift

33
Q

Is color considered qualitative or quantitative

A

qualitative

34
Q

______ only displays direction and averaged velocities

A

Color

35
Q

Slow flow is considered

a) low scale
b) high scale

A

a) low scale

36
Q

Fast flow is considered

a) low scale
b) high scale

A

b) high scale

37
Q

Closer to parallel= _____ doppler shift and brighter color

a) higher
b) lower

A

a) higher

38
Q

Perpendicular = ________ doppler shift and will be black

A

No

39
Q

The negative color is always going to be _______ the side the box is steered

a) towards
b) away

A

a) towards

40
Q

The positive color is always going to be ________ from the the side the box is being steered

a) towards
b) away

A

b) away

41
Q

This evaluates flow over on small area called sample volume

A

Pulsed doppler

42
Q

Whats another name for sample volume

A

Range gating

43
Q

Is pulsed doppler considered to be qualitative or quantitative

A

Quantitatitve

44
Q

What breaks down the signal into separate components according to velocity and time

A

Spectral analysis

45
Q

What are 2 other names for power doppler

A

1) energy doppler
2) amplitude doppler

46
Q

What only detects and displays the presence of flow and there is NO direction info

A

Power Doppler

47
Q

This type of doppler is very sensitive to slow flow

A

Power doppler

48
Q

Unable to determine depth or location is called

A

Range ambiguous

49
Q

What is only used as a flow detector or to measure severely elevated velocities

A

Continuous wave doppler

50
Q

What type of doppler can not choose a location

A

Continuous wave doppler

51
Q

Which of the folllowing is a disadvantage of a continuous wave doppler unit

a) range ambiguity
b) inaccurate velocity calculation
c) risk of aliasing
d) qualitative assessment only

A

a) range ambiguity

CW doppler does not allow for range location. Meaning we can’t tell or choose the location of the doppler signal

52
Q

What pathology is most likely to produce posterior enhancement

a) cellulitis
b) dense plaque
c) chronic DVT
d) bakers cyst

A

d) baker cyst

  • fluid filled structures will produce posterior enhancement
53
Q

Which of the following will produce no doppler shift

a) decreasing the doppler angle
b) 90 degrees incidence
c) 0 degree incidence
d) lowering the wall filter

A

b) 90 degree incidence

There is no doppler shift at 90 degrees or perpendicular incidence

54
Q

What diagnostic applications can power doppler be useful?

a) valvular incompetence
b) confirm near total occlusion
c) hemodialysis access grafts
d) subclavian steal

A

b) confirm near total occlusion

55
Q

Which change will correct aliasing

a) decrease scale
b) increase transducer frequency
c) increase wall filter
d) decrease transducer frequency

A

d) decrease transducer frequency

-The only things that will help eliminate aliasing are
1) increase PRF/velocity scale
2) lower baseline
3) decrease transducer frequency
4) increase doppler angle

56
Q

Which artifact will mimic an aortic dissection

a) Propagational speed error artifact
b) Grating lobe artifact
c) Side lobe artifact
d) Mirror imaging arifact

A

c) Side lobe artifact

Vascular board review (myultrasoundtutor) (23 decks)

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