Venous Drainage Of Head And Neck Flashcards
Introduction
•The venous system is a network of conduits i.e. veins which transport deoxygenated blood from tissues to the heart. Exceptions are the ——— and —— veins, both of which carry oxygenated blood to the heart. Equally important ,they serve as major reservoirs of blood.
• About —% of entire blood volume of body is in systemic circulation and —% in heart and lungs.
• Of the 84 % in systemic circulation,—%is in veins,—%in arteries and —% in systemic arterioles and capillaries
Introduction
•The venous system is a network of conduits i.e. veins which transport deoxygenated blood from tissues to the heart. Exceptions are the pulmonary and umbilical veins, both of which carry oxygenated blood to the heart. Equally important ,they serve as major reservoirs of blood.
• About 84% of entire blood volume of body is in systemic circulation and 16% in heart and lungs.
• Of the 84 % in systemic circulation,64%is in veins,13%in arteries and 7% in systemic arterioles and capillaries
Supratrochlear vein
Starts on the ——— from venous network which connects to the frontal tributaries of ——— vein.
Joins ——— vein to form —- vein near ———.
Starts on the forehead from venous network which connects to the frontal tributaries of superficial temporal vein.
Joins supra-orbital vein to form facial vein near medial canthus.
Supraorbital vein
begins on the forehead where it communicates with the frontal branch of the ——— vein. It runs downward superficial to the Frontalis muscle, and joins the frontal vein at the medial angle of the orbit to form the ——— vein.Passes under orbicularis oculi. A branch passes through supraorbital notch to join ——— vein .In notch it receives veins from frontal sinus & frontal diploe.
begins on the forehead where it communicates with the frontal branch of the superficial temporal vein. It runs downward superficial to the Frontalis muscle, and joins the frontal vein at the medial angle of the orbit to form the angular vein.Passes under orbicularis oculi. A branch passes through supraorbital notch to join superior ophthalmic vein .In notch it receives veins from frontal sinus & frontal diploe.
Facial vein
Coursing parallel to facial arteries are valveless veins that provide the primary superficial drainage of the face.
Commences at the side on the root of the —— and
Lies behind facial artery and is less tortuous formed by the union of the —— and —— veins at the medial canthus to form the ——- vein
Communicate with the cavernous sinus through the ——— vein or via the ——— vein.
Facial vein
Coursing parallel to facial arteries are valveless veins that provide the primary superficial drainage of the face.
Commences at the side on the root of the nose and
Lies behind facial artery and is less tortuous
formed by the union of the supraorbital and supratrochlear veins at the medial canthus to form the angular vein
Communicate with the cavernous sinus through the ophthalmic vein or via the supraorbital vein.
Facial vein, tributaries:
Facial vein, tributaries
• superior ophthalmic vein
• Veins of ala of nose
• Deep facial vein, from pterygoid plexus
• Inferior palpebral
• Superior and inferior labial (drains area of upper and lower lip)
• Buccinators (drains area of cheek)
• Parotid and messeteric veins (drains area
from parotid and masseter)
• Below mandible it receives submental , tonsillar , external palatine and submandibular vein
• Applied Importance:
• do Facial veins have valves?
Facial vein connects to cavernous sinus by 2 routes.
• 1.) via
• 2)Via.
• Thus infective thrombosis of facial vein may extend to intracranial venous sinuses.
• Applied Importance:
• Facial veins have no valves and it
connects to cavernous sinus by 2 routes.
• 1.) via ophthalmic vein or supraorbital
vein.
• 2)Via deep facial vein to pterygoid plexus and hence to cavernous sinus.
• Thus infective thrombosis of facial vein may extend to intracranial venous sinuses.
Superficial temporal
•cross posterior root of zygoma & enters ——- gland to unite with —— vein to form ——— vein.
Begins in a widespread network joined across scalp to contra-lateral vein and with supratrochlear, supraorbital, posterior auricular and occipital veins, all draining same network
•cross posterior root of zygoma & enters parotid gland to unite with maxillary vein to form retromandibular vein.
Maxillary vein
A short trunk accompanies the —— part of maxillary artery;
It is confluence of vein from ———plexus,passes back between ——— ligament and neck of mandible,to enter the ——— gland and
Here it unites with ———vein to form ——— vein.
A short trunk accompanies the first part of maxillary artery;
It is confluence of vein from pterygoid plexus,passes back between sphenomandibular ligament and neck of mandible,to enter the parotid gland and
Here it unites with superficial temporal to form retromandibular vein.
Retromandibular vein
Runs posterior to ——— of the mandible within the substance of —— gland
Superficial to ——— artery and deep to —— nerve
Divides into an anterior branch going forwards to join with —— vein and
Posterior branch which joins ——— to form ——- vein
Runs posterior to ramus of the mandible within the substance of parotid gland
Superficial to external carotid artery and deep to facial nerve
Divides into an anterior branch going forwards to join with facial vein and
Posterior branch which joins posterior auricular to form external jugular vein
.
Posterior auricular
• Begins upon the side of ——,in a plexus which communicates with tributaries of —— vein and —— veins.
• Descends behind the auricula and joins the posterior division of retromandibular vein to form———vein.
• Applied: receives ——— emissary veins from ——— sinus.
Posterior auricular
• Begins upon the side of neck,in a plexus which communicates with tributaries of occipital vein and temporal veins.
• Descends behind the auricula and joins the posterior division of retromandibular vein to form
external jugular vein.
• Applied: receives mastoid emissary veins from sigmoid sinus. Infection here can be dangerous or
fatal from retrograde thrombosis of cerebellar and medullary veins.
Occipital vein
• Begins in posterior network in ——, pierce the cranial attachment of trapezius, turns into ——— triangle and becomes deep.
• May follow occipital artery to end in ——— vein vein;
• Or join posterior auricular & hence —— vein.
Occipital vein
• Begins in posterior network in scalp, pierce the cranial attachment of trapezius, turns into suboccipital triangle and becomes deep.
• May follow occipital artery to end in internal jugular vein vein;
• Or join posterior auricular & hence external jugular vein.
Pterygoid venous plexus
Placed partly between ——— and ——— and partly between two pterygoids.
Anteriorly reaches from the maxillary tuberosity and superiorly to the base of skull
tributaries include
Connects with facial veins through —— veins & With cavernous sinus through veins that pass through ———foramen, foramen —— and ——
Its deep tributaries are connected with ——— vein.
Pterygoid venous plexus
Placed partly between temporalis and lateral pterygoid and partly between two pterygoids.
Anteriorly reaches from the maxillary tuberosity and superiorly to the base of skull
Sphenopalatine,deep temporal, pterygoid, massetric, buccal, dental, greater palatine and middle meningeal veins and branches from inferior opthalmic veins are all tributaries.
Connects with facial veins facial veins through deep facial veins & With cavernous sinus through veins that pass through sphenoidal
emissary foramen, foramen ovale and lacerum
Its deep tributaries are connected with middle meningeal vein. Applied : needle track communications can also result in infection to
pterygoid plexus. PSA Block hematoma, black eye
serves as a media for spread of external infection to eye.
An infected internal jugular thrombus caused by extension of an oropharyngeal infection is referred to as ——- syndrom
An infected IJ thrombus caused by extension of an oropharyngeal infection is referred to as Lemierre syndrom
Tributaries of internal jugular vein
Tributaries of internal jugular vein
Inferior petrosal sinus
Pharyngeal
Common facial
Lingual
Superior thyroid
Middle thyroid
At the root of the neck, the right internal jugular vein is a little distance from the common carotid artery, and crosses the first part of the ——- artery, while the left internal jugular vein usually overlaps the ——— artery.
The —- vein is generally smaller than the ——, and each contains a pair of valves, which are placed about —— cm above the termination of the vessel.
At the root of the neck, the right internal jugular vein is a little distance from the common carotid artery, and crosses the first part of the subclavian artery, while the left internal jugular vein usually overlaps the common carotid artery.
The left vein is generally smaller than the right, and each contains a pair of valves, which are placed about 2.5 cm above the termination of the vessel.
