Cranial ANS Flashcards
Classification of nervous system
Central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
Division of peripheral nervous system
• Somatic Nervous System
• Autonomic Nervous System
Somatic nervous system
1.Effector:
2.Voluntary/involuntary?
3.How many motor neurons from CNS to effector
4.Is there use of norepinephrine
5.Is there inhibitory capability
6.are sensory signals consciously perceived
7.Can tissues function without nerve supply
Somatic nervous system
1.Effector: skeletal muscles
2.Voluntary/involuntary? Voluntary
3.How many motor neurons from CNS to effector? 1
4.Is there use of epinephrine? No use of norepinephrine
5.Is there inhibitory capability? There’s no inhibitory capability
6.are sensory signals consciously perceived? Yes
7.Can tissues function without nerve supply? No
Autonomic nervous system
1.Effector:
2.Voluntary/involuntary?
3.How many motor neurons from CNS to effector
4.Is there use of norepinephrine
5.Is there inhibitory capability
6.are sensory signals consciously perceived
7.Can tissues function without nerve supply
Somatic nervous system
1.Effector: cardiac and smooth muscle
2.Voluntary/involuntary?involuntary
3.How many motor neurons from CNS to effector?2
4.Is there use of norepinephrine? Yes
5.Is there inhibitory capability? Yes
6.are sensory signals consciously perceived? No
7.Can tissues function without nerve supply? Yes
Comparison of somatic with autonomic nervous system
Neurotransmitter:
Inhibitory/ excitatory capability?
Input from what kind of neurons?
Acetylcholine
Excitatory
Sensory neurons
Comparison of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions
Origin of preganglionic fibers:
Location of ganglia:
Neurotransmitter:
Comparison of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions
1.Origin of preganglionic fibers:
Sympathetic: thoracolumbar nerves
Parasympathetic: cranial sacral nerves
2.Location of ganglia:
Sympathetic: far from visceral effector organs; in sympathetic chain or collateral ganglia
Parasympathetic: near or within visceral effector organs
3.Neurotransmitter:
Sympathetic: in ganglia;acetylcholine, in effector organs; norepinephrine
Parasympathetic: in ganglia; acetylcholine, in effector organs;acetylcholine
Cerebrospinal outflow has its lowest efferent nerve cell within——-
The CNS
The autonomic system has its lowest efferent cell stations in
Peripheral ganglion
Two efferent autonomic neurons:
Two efferent autonomic neurons:
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Bodily Functions Under ANS Control include:
Bodily Functions Under ANS Control
1 Respiration
2 Circulation
3 Digestion
4 Body Temperature 5 Metabolism
6 Sweating
7 Certain endocrine functions
Centers Of ANS Function include
Centers Of ANS Function
1 Cerebral Cortex
2 Hypothalmus
3 Brain Stem
4 Spinal Cord
—% of fibers in vagus nerve are afferent.
80
• Afferents from the carotid sinus enter the CNS via —— nerve.
• Afferents from the aortic arch enter the CNS via the —— nerve.
• Afferents from the carotid sinus enter the CNS via CN IX.
• Afferents from the aortic arch enter the CNS via the vagus.
Sympathetic/Parasympathetic Divisions
Controlled by nuclei in the ———- hypothalmus.
Sympathetic/Parasympathetic Divisions
4 Controlled by nuclei in the posterolateral hypothalmus.
Parasympathetic Division
4 Contolled by midline and —— nuclei of the hypothalmus
Parasympathetic Division
4 Contolled by midline and anterior nuclei of the hypothalmus
• 3 classes of ganglionic:include:
• 3 classes of ganglionic: paravertebral, prevertebral, terminal
Significant Sympathetic Ganglia
1 ——-: Inferior of 3 cervical ganglia; blocked with interscalene/supraclavicular ——.
2 —— : Can be blocked for severe pain.
3 ———
4 ———-
5 ———
Significant Sympathetic Ganglia
1 Stellate: Inferior of 3 cervical ganglia; blocked with interscalene/supraclavicular BBB.
2 Celiac: Can be blocked for severe pain. 3 Superior mesenteric
4 Aorticorenal
5 Inferior mesneteric
Adrenal medulla Receives ———fiber ONLY
Receives preganglionic sympathetic fiber ONLY
Adrenal medulla
• Releases primarily ——— directly into bloodstream.
• Also releases a smaller quantity of ———.
• Releases primarily epinephrine (EPI) directly into bloodstream.
• Also releases a smaller quantity of norepinephrine (NE).
Efferent Visceral Motor Division
• Two divisions:
Efferent Visceral Motor Division
• Two divisions: sympathetic; parasympathetic.
Efferent Visceral Motor Division
• Two divisions: sympathetic; parasympathetic.
• Cells of origin of sympathetic found in ———
• Cells of origin parasympathetic found in ———
• Preganglionic fibers of sympathetic nervous system leave cord by ——— root and synapse in ganglia to form ——- fibers.
Preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic nervous system synapse on ——- ganglia.
Efferent Visceral Motor Division
• Two divisions: sympathetic; parasympathetic.
• Cells of origin of sympathetic found in lateral (intermediolateral) horn T1-L2,3.
• Cells of origin parasympathetic found in midbrain, medulla, S2,3,4.
• Preganglionic fibers of sympathetic nervous system leave cord by anterior nerve root and synapse in ganglia to form postganglionic fibers.Preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic nervous system synapse on terminal ganglia.
Efferent Visceral Division Continued
• ——— ganglia are near or on the organ innervated; PNS has long ——— fiber and short ——— fiber.
• Efferent preganglionic sympathetic fibers goes from anterior root to ganglia by way of ——— ramus ; it leaves the ganglia(cell bodies outside CNS) by ——-ramus.
Efferent Visceral Division Continued
• Terminal ganglia are near or on the organ innervated; PNS has long preganglionic fiber and short postganglionic fiber.
• Efferent preganglionic sympathetic fibers goes from anterior root to ganglia by way of white ramus (myelinated); it leaves the ganglia(cell bodies outside CNS) by gray ramus (unmyelinated).
Efferent Visceral Division Continued
• Only ganglia of which spinal segments receive white rami directly.
• The ———- is an exception to the rule. Its preganglionic fibers pass directly in to the adrenal gland without synapsing in a ganglion.
• Cells of the medulla are derived from ———- and are analogous to the postganglionic neurons.
Efferent Visceral Division Continued
• Only ganglia T1-L2,3 receive white rami directly.
• The adrenal gland is an exception to the rule. Its preganglionic fibers pass directly in to the adrenal gland without synapsing in a ganglion.
• Cells of the medulla are derived from neural tissue and are analogous to the postganglionic neurons.
Segmental Distribution of Sympathetic Fibers
• Head and neck:
• Upper limb:
• Thoracic viscera(heart):
• Abdominal viscera:
• Lower limb:
Segmental Distribution of Sympathetic Fibers
• Head and neck T1-2
• Upper limb T2-7
• Thoracic viscera(heart) T1-4
• Abdominal viscera T4-L2
• Lower limb T11-l2
The Ganglia of Sympathetic Trunk
• Cervical ganglia: 3 in number, which are:
Receive preganglionic fibers from spinal segments ——
The Ganglia of Sympathetic Trunk
• Cervical ganglia: 3 in number: Superior
Middle
Inferior
Receive preganglionic fibers from spinal segments T1-T7
The Ganglia of Sympathetic Trunk
Superior cervical: —— in length, lies opposite —,— vertebra; fused ganglia C— to —.
The Ganglia of Sympathetic Trunk
Superior cervical: 1 inch in length, lies opposite C2,3 vertebra; fused ganglia C1-C4.
The Ganglia of Sympathetic Trunk
• Middle cervical: small; not always present; lies at level of — vertebra; represents fused ganglia — to —.
• Inferior cervical: Found between —,—,— vertebra; —% people it is fused with which vertebrae level to form stellate ganglion.
• Thoracic ganglia: how many in number; greater splanchnic nerve arises from T— to —; lesser splanchnic from T— to —, T— to—; lower splanchnic T—; lower ganglia also.
The Ganglia of Sympathetic Trunk Continued
• Middle cervical: small; not always present; lies at level of C6 vertebra; represents fused ganglia C5-C6.
• Inferior cervical: Found between C7,8-T1 vertebra; 80% people it is fused with T1 to form stellate ganglion.
• Thoracic ganglia: 12 in number; greater splanchnic nerve arises from T5-9; lesser splanchnic from TT9-10, T10-11; lower splanchnic T12; lower ganglia also.
The Ganglia of Sympathetic Trunk l
• —- cervical: small; not always present; lies at level of C6 vertebra.
Middle
Parasympathetic Nervous System Anatomy
• Midbrain: CN— relayed in —— ganglia; stimulation= ———-.
• Medulla: CN —, CN—; CN—:
Parasympathetic Nervous System Anatomy
• Midbrain: CN lll (oculomotor) relayed in ciliary ganglia; stimulation= pupil constriction.
• Medulla: CN Vll (facial), lX (glossopgaryngeal); X ( vagus):
Parasympathetic Nervous System Anatomy
• Medulla: CN Vll (facial), lX (glossopgaryngeal); X ( vagus):
1. Vll outflow ——- ganglion and ——-ganglia.
2 lX outflow:—— ganglia
Parasympathetic Nervous System Anatomy
.
• Medulla: CN Vll (facial), lX (glossopgaryngeal); X ( vagus): 1. Vll outflow sphenopalatine ganglion.
Submandibular ganglia. 2 lX outflow otic ganglia
Parasympathetic Nervous System Anatomy
Vagus (X) outflow most important; largest contributor of PNS or — to —% of activity.
Sacral: S2,3,4; innervate —— organs; termed “mechanism for ——-.”
Parasympathetic Nervous System Anatomy Continued
3 Vagus (X) outflow most important; largest contributor of PNS or 75-80% of activity.
Sacral: S2,3,4; innervate pelvic organs; termed “mechanism for emptying.”
• Cholinergic: Cholinergic is a term used to describe neurons that utilize
———- as neurotransmitter.
• Adrenergic: Adrenergic is a term used to describe neurons that utilize ——— as neurotransmitter.
• Cholinergic: Cholinergic is a term used to describe neurons that utilize
acetylcholine as neurotransmitter.
• Adrenergic: Adrenergic is a term used to describe neurons that utilize norepinephrine as neurotransmitter.
Cholinergic/ Adrenergic Nerves
• All somatic motor neurons (voluntary nervous system) are ——— fibers in the sense they utilize ——— as neurotransmitter.
Cholinergic/ Adrenergic Nerves Continued
• All somatic motor neurons (voluntary nervous system) are cholinergic fibers in the sense they utilize acetylcholine as neurotransmitter.
• Somatic motor neurons are somatic,NOT autonomic.
