Pharynx Flashcards
Subdivisions of the pharynx and their other names
Subdivisions of the pharynx
Nasopharynx (epipharynx)
Oropharynx (mesopharynx)
Laryngopharynx (hypopharynx)
It is about — to — cm in length, broader in the ———- than in the ——— diameter.
Pharynx or throat is a fibromuscular hollow tube.
It is about 12-14 cm in length, broader in the transverse than in the antero-posterior diameter.
Functions of pharynx
Functions
* The pharynx is the common channel for deglutition (swallowing) and respiration; food and air pathways cross each other in the pharynx..
….All in all function!!!!
Tonsils (collection of lymphoid tissue) for defense mechanism
Support for surrounding structures… palate, auditory tube, tongue..
Course
Pharynx begins from behind the ——— to behind the ——- where it becomes continuous with the ———.
HENCE: The pharynx forms part of the ——— system and ——— system.
Course
Pharynx begins from behind the nasal cavity to behind the larynx where it becomes continuous with the esophagus.
HENCE: The pharynx forms part of the digestive system and respiratory system.
Nasopharynx
The most cephalic portion that lie behind the ———
It is a part of the ——— system
It begins at the ———— limit to the ————.
Nasopharynx
The most cephalic portion that lie behind the nasal cavity
It is a part of the respiratory system
It begins at the posterior nasal limit to the pharyngeal isthmus.
Pharyngeal isthmus
The isthmus is a constricted space formed by the ————, the ———— arches and the ——— wall of the pharynx of the region.
The isthmus is closed up by muscular action during ———.
Pharyngeal isthmus
The isthmus is a constricted space formed by the soft palate, the palatopharyngeal arches and the posterior wall of the pharynx of the region.
The isthmus is closed up by muscular action during swallowing.
Nasopharynx features
Each lateral wall of the nasopharynx has an opening of the ———( that allows for————)
Nasopharynx features
Each lateral wall of the nasopharynx has an opening of the auditory tube (allow air passage to the middle ear for balancing)
Nasopharynx features
Each lateral wall of the nasopharynx has an opening of the auditory tube
The ———— recess OR fossa of ———— is a depression behind the opening of the auditory tube. It contains ——— lymph node (Node of ———).
Nasopharynx features
Each lateral wall of the nasopharynx has an opening of the auditory tube (allow air passage to the middle ear for balancing)
One can actually feel this opening using the side of the tongue
The pharyngeal recess OR fossa of Rosenmuller is a depression behind the opening of the auditory tube. It contains retropharyngeal lymph node (Node of Rouvier).
Oropharynx
Lies behind the ——— cavity
• It begins at the ——— to the superior border of the ——-
It forms part of the ——- and ——- System
Oropharynx
Lies behind the oral cavity
• It begins at the isthmus to the superior border of the epiglottis
It forms part of the digestive and respiratory system????
Laryngopharynx
The ——— part of the pharynx
It begins from the ——— and ends at the ————.
It is has ONLY ———-
function.
Laryngopharynx
The caudal part of the pharynx
It begins from the superior border of the epiglottis and ends at the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage.
It is has ONLY digestive
function.
Structure components of the pharyn
The pharynx consists of four layers of structures from within to outward:
Structure components of the pharyn
The pharynx consists of four layers of structures from within to outward:
(1) Mucous membrane
(2) Fibrous coat
() Muscular coat
(4) Fascial coat
(buccopharyngeal fascia)
Pharyngeal mucous membrane
The most internal compartment lined with epithelium.
The nasopharynx -> ——— epithelium
The oropharynx and laryngopaharynx -* ————epithelium
Pharyngeal mucous membrane
The most internal compartment lined with epithelium.
The nasopharynx -> pseudostratified epithelium (respiratory epi.)
The oropharynx and laryngopaharynx -* non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (characteristic of a wear and tear surface)
NB: Region of the pharynx are lined with continuous epithelium lining of the neighboring structure
Pharyngeal fibrous coat
Fibrous coat/ ———fascia over lies the mucous layer.
~ It is thickest in its ——- and diminishes in thickness as it ——— and hence is gradually lost.
r Forms a ——— posteriorly (which gives attachment to the constrictor pharyngeal muscles).
Pharyngeal fibrous coat
Fibrous coat/ pharvngo-basilar fascia over lies the mucous layer.
~ It is thickest in its superiör and diminishes in thickness as it descends and hence is gradually lost.
r Forms a median raphe posteriorly (which gives attachment to the constrictor pharyngeal muscles).
Pharyngeal muscles
The pharynx muscles are group of muscles that form the bulk of the pharynx located deep to the
———— fascia
Functions
Pharyngeal muscles
The pharynx muscles are group of muscles that form the bulk of the pharynx located deep to the
pharyngeal fascia
Functions
Determining the shape of the pharynx.
Contracts to propel food
Maintain cavity for air passage
The muscles are arranged in two layers
The outer ——— layer includes;
The inner ——— layer includes;
The muscles are arranged in two layers
The outer circular layer includes;
Inferior constrictor muscle
Middle constrictor muscle
Superior constrictor muscle
The inner longitudinal layer includes;
Stylopharyngeus muscle
Salpingopharyngeus muscle
Palatopharyngeus muscle,