Anatomy Of The Tongue Flashcards
The average length about is —cm and width ofabout —cm
The average length about is 10 cm and width ofabout 3cm
Regions of the tongue are
Apex
Body
Root
Apex is a thin and narrow anterior end
(or tip) directed forward against the lingual surfaces of the —— teeth.
The body of the tongue is the ———third of the tongue.
Root is directed posteriorly (——— third) and connected with the —— bone, ——— and the ——
NB: The —— and —— of the tongue is extremely mobile while the —— is fixed
Apex is a thin and narrow anterior end
(or tip) directed forward against the lingual surfaces of the incisor teeth.
The body of the tongue is the anterior two third of the tongue.
Root is directed posteriorly (posterior third) and connected with the hyoid bone, epiglottis and the oropharynx
NB: The body and apex of the tongue is extremely mobile while the root is fixed
Surfaces
——— Surface is the smooth surface in contact with the floor of the mouth and can be elevated by a distinct vertical fold called the ———- (allows the ——— part of the tongue to
move freely).
The ——- surface of the tongue is superior rough surface marked by a —— sulcus which divides it into symmetrical halves
Surfaces
Ventral Surface is the smooth surface in contact with the floor of the mouth and can be elevated by a distinct vertical fold called the frenulum linguae (allows the anterior part of the tongue to
move freely).
The Dorsal surface of the tongue is superior rough surface marked by a median sulcus which divides it into symmetrical halves
Dorsum of the tongue
It is characterized by a —— shaped groove called ——— (shallow groove) the angle of which runs lateral-wards from the median
foramen ——- (pit), which is the nonfunctional remnant of the embryonic ———- where the ——— gland descended from.
The terminal sulcus divides the dorsum of the tongue into anterior part in the ——— and posterior part in the ———.
Dorsum of the tongue
It is characterized by a V shaped groove terminal sulcus (shallow groove) the angle of which runs lateral-wards from the median
foramen caecum (pit), which is the nonfunctional remnant of the embryonic thyroglossal diet where the thyroid gland descended from.
The terminal sulcus divides the dorsum of the tongue into anterior part in the oral cavity proper and posterior part in the oropharynx.
• Post.1/3rd Tonsil (—— shaped masses of lymphoid module,gives this part an
irregular ——— appearance known as —— tonsil)
• Post.1/3rd Tonsil (oval shaped masses of lymphoid module,gives this part an
irregular cobble stone appearance known as lingual tonsil)
Types of papillae
Circumvallate papillae
Folate papillae
. Filiform papillae
. Fungiform papillae
Circumvallate papillae
Circumvallate papillae runs in an
——— pattern lie directly anterior to the ———.
They are — to — in number
They are large papillae with broad —— and constricted —— (conical). Each sac
surrounded by a ——— (trench or valley).
are they embedded deeply on the tongue?
and do they project on the surface as the other papillae?
They contains many ———.
Circumvallate papillae
Circumvallate papillae runs in an
inverted V pattern lie directly anterior to the terminal sulcus.
They are 8-12 in number
They are large papillae with broad tops and constricted bases (conical). Each sac
surrounded by a deep groove (trench or valley).
They are embedded deeply on the tongue and do not project on the surface as the other papillae
They contains many taste buds.
Foliate papillae
Folate papillae are found anterio-lateral to the ——— papillae on the two lateral margins
Each papilla has many ———
Folate papillae are found anterio-lateral to the Circumvallate papillae on the two lateral margins
Rudimentary/ rarely found in humans
Which papillae is Rudimentary/ rarely found in humans
Foliate papillae
——- papillae are the most numerous
covering most of the dorsum.
Threadlike, thin, long papillae.
.
Filiform papillae are
the most numerous
covering most of the
dorsum.
Threadlike, thin, long papillae.
Which papillae have no taste bud.
Filiform papillae.
——— papillae are
mushrooms-like shaped, short
papillae.
Fungiform
Fungiform papillae are found chiefly at the sides around the —— and ——.
It is highly vascularized connective tissue core giving it a — coloration in the living state and may contain taste buds
are found chiefly at the sides around the tip and apes.
It is highly vascularized connective tissue core giving it a red coloration in the living state and may contain taste buds
THE TASTE BUDS
These are —— -shaped structures located in the epithelium that form the papillae on the ———, ———, ——— and ———
Are found within the epithelium of ——,—— and ———
papillae
THE TASTE BUDS
These are flask-shaped structures located in the epithelium that form the papillae on the dorsum of the tongue, soft palate, epiglottis and pharynx
Aer found within the epithelium of fungiform,Foliate and circumvallate
papillae
Apart from the tongue, list 3 other locations where you can find taste buds
Epiglottis
Soft palate
Palatoglossal arches
Oropharynx (posterior wall)
ESPO
Each taste bud is constricted both ends
It is made up of three types of cells;
Each taste bud is constricted both ends
It is made up of three types of cells;
.1 Neuroepithelial taste cells or gustatory
2. Supporting or sustentacular cells
,3 Basal cells
THE TASTEBUD
Neuroepithelial taste cell gustatory cells are spindle shaped cells which act in chemoreception occupying the ——— portion of the bud.
The superficial surface is seen with —— or ——- that project into the taste pore.
They have an elongated ———- and it’s base is connected to
———, carry the impulses of taste sensation to the brain (afferent nerve)
THE TASTEBUD
Neuroepithelial taste cell gustatory cells are spindle shaped cells which act in chemoreception occupying the central portion of the bud.
The superficial surface is seen with hairlets or microvilli that project into the taste pore.
They have an elongated central nuclei and it’s base is connected to
sensory nerve fibres, carry the impulses of taste sensation to the brain (afferent nerve)
Supporting or sustentacular cells are elongated ——— cells which form the —— wall of the taste bud.
do they form synapses at their base?.
3. Basal cells are small cells in —— portion of taste buds, thought to be —— cells for taste cells/undifferentiated or immature taste cells.
Supporting or sustentacular cells are elongated columnar cells which form the outer wall of the taste bud. They do not form synapses at their base.
3. Basal cells are small cells in basal portion of taste buds, thought to be stem cells for taste cells/undifferentiated or immature taste cells.
——— muscles of the tongue form the bulk of the tongue.
Intrinsic
Four paired intrinsic muscles on each side of the ——— of the tongue they originate and insert within the tongue.
These muscles alter the shape of the tongue by:
They are so named according to how they travel
Four paired intrinsic muscles on each side of the median septum of the tongue they originate and insert within the tongue.
These muscles alter the shape of the tongue by: lengthening, shortening, curling, uncurling, flattening and rounding
They are so named according to how they travel
List the intrinsic muscles of the tongue
Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Verticalis
Transversus
The tongue is lined or
covered by ——— epithelium
The tongue is lined or
covered by stratified squamous epithelium
Extrinsic are four paired muscles which originate from structures ——- the tongue (anchored to ——)
and are insert into the tongue.
They change its positions by
Extrinsic are four paired muscles which originate from structures outside the tongue (anchored to bone)
and are insert into the tongue.
They change its positions by protruding, retracting, depresing, elevating the tongue.
List the extrinsic muscles of the tongue
-Genioglossus connected the tongue with the mandible
-Hyoglossus arises from the body and greater cornu of the hyoid bone to enter the side of the tongue
-Styloglossus arises from the styloid process of the temporal bone to the surface of the tongue
-Palatoglossus connected the tongue with the soft palate
Blood supply/drainage
• Richly supplied supply by ——— artery a branch of the ——— artery
•There is also secondary blood supply to the tongue from the ——— branches of the —— artery and the ——— artery
Blood drains into the ——— veins which drain into ———-vein
Blood supply/drainage
• Richly supplied supply by lingual artery a branch of the external carotid artery
•There is also secondary blood supply to the tongue from the tonsillar branches of the facial artery and the ascending pharyngeal artery
Blood drains into the lingual veins which drain into Internal jugular vein
NERVE SUPPLY
General sensory innervation
Anterior 2/3rds of tongue: ———
Posterior 1/3rd of tongue: ————
Special Sensory for taste
Anterior 2/3rds of tongue:————
Posterior 3rd of tongue is: ————
NERVE SUPPLY
General sensory innervation
Anterior 2/3rds of tongue: Lingual nerve of V3
Posterior 1/3rd of tongue: Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX
Special Sensory for taste
Anterior 2/3rds of tongue:
Chorda tympani branch of facial nerve CN VII
Posterior 3rd of tongue is: Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX
Motor innervation
All intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of hte tongue are supplied by the ——— nerve except ——— which is innervated by ——— nerve
Motor innervation
All intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of hte tongue are supplied by the Hypoglossal nerve (CN XIl) except Palatoglossus which is innervated by Vagus nerve
( C N X)
It is possible to touch the anterior part of the tongue with out feeling discomfort but when the posterior part is touched, the individual gags( this reflex is called——-). Which cranial nerves are responsible for the muscular contractions of each side of the pharynx.
It is possible to touch the anterior part of the tongue with out feeling discomfort but when the posterior part is touched, the individual gags( this reflex is called gag reflex ). cranial nerves 9 and 10 are responsible for the muscular contractions of each side of the pharynx.
What is the safety muscle of the tongue
Genioglossus
———- congenital condition, in which the tongue is tied down to the floor of the mouth.
Tongue tie
Epithelium of filiform papillae
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
What gives the white appearance on the tongue
Filiform papillae
Main function of the filiform papillae
Maintaining friction between the tongue and food
Lymph drainage of the tongue
Tip- submental nodes
Central- jugulodigastric nodes
Lateral ant 2/3rd- submandibular nodes
Posterior 1/3rd- jugulodigastric nodes
————- is the largest salivary gland
Parotid gland
Parotid gland weighs
25g
Another name for Parotid duct and the length
Stensen’s duct
4-5cm
Parotid gland fills the gap between
Mandible and styloid process
Parotid gland overlaps which muscles
Mass enter and SCM
Facial nerve divides into
Temporofacial and cervicofacial
Contents of parotid gland
Facial nerve
Retromandibular vein
External carotid artery
Auricotemporal nerve
Parotid node
Retromandibular vein divides into anterior and posterior part towards which part of the parotid gland
Apex
External carotid artery enters through ——— surface and divides at the level of ——-
Posteriomedial
Neck of mandible
The parotid duct emerges from which part of the gland
Anterior border
Describe the course of the parotid gland
Emerges from the anterior border of the parotid gland, crosses over the masseter muscle, at the anterior border, it turns sharply to pierce the buccaneers fascia and opens into the oral cavity at the level of the crown of the upper second premolar
Nerve supply of the parotid gland
Sensory:
Sympathetic:
Parasympathetic:
Nerve supply of the parotid gland
Sensory:capsule; great auricular
Parenchyma; auriculotemporal
Sympathetic:plexus around external carotid artery
Parasympathetic:glossopharyngeal
Submandibular gland lies
Beneath the body of the mandible
The submandibular gland is divided into two parts by
Divided into Deep and superficial parts by the mylohyoid muscle
Nerve supply of the submandibular gland
Sensory:
Sympathetic:
Parasympathetic:
Nerve supply of the submandibular gland
Sensory: lingual nerve
Sympathetic: plexus around facial artery
Parasympathetic:facial nerve»chorda tympani
Sublingual gland lies
Below the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth, close to the frenulum of the tongue
Nerve supply of the sublingual gland
Sensory:
Sympathetic:
Parasympathetic:
Nerve supply of the sublingual gland
Sensory:lingual nerve
Sympathetic:plexus around lingual artery from superior cervical sympathetic ganglion
Parasympathetic:facial nerve» chorda tympani
Blood supply of parotid gland, submandibular, sublingual gland
parotid gland: external carotid artery submandibular: facial artery
sublingual gland: lingual artery
Curcumvallate papillae are how many in number
10-12
