Vehicle Extrication

Question 1

What three collisions occur in separate events but rapid succession?

Answer 1

1. Machine Collision
2. Body Collision
3. Organ Collision

Question 2

What are 5 common forms of MVC?

Answer 2

1. Head on
2. T-Bone
3. Rear impact
4. Rotational
5. Rollover

Question 3

What is described as the Golden Hour?

Answer 3

A critical period for the patient that is from the time of incident until the patient is delivered to physicians at the hospital.

Question 4

What is described as the Platinum Ten?

Answer 4

This is the ideal time that a patient should be enroute to the hospital from the first rescue. This is a 10-15 minute period of the arrival of the first rescue.

Question 5

Name three frames types found in vehicles…

Answer 5

Uni-Body
Full Frame
Space Frame

Question 6

What is the 10-10-20 rule of thumb…

Answer 6

This rule recommends maintaining a minimum distance of 10’’ from a side impact air bag, 10’’ from a driver’s side airbag, and 20’’ from a passenger side airbag.

Question 7

What is the minimum overlap of 4x4 box cribbing?

Answer 7

3.5’’

Question 8

In a vehicle extrication setting, loads can be dynamic. What is the safety ratio of height to width for box cribbing?

Answer 8

2:1

Question 9

What is the maximum operating pressure for Holmatro cutters, spreaders, and combi tools?

Answer 9

Maximum operating pressure is 10,500 psi

Question 10

What is the maximum spread of Holmatro spreaders?

Answer 10

27.25’’

Question 11

What is the opening of Holmatro cutters?

Answer 11

7.25’’

Question 12

What are the three phases of scene stabilization?

Answer 12

Scene stabilization
Vehicle stabilization
Patient stabilization

Question 13

What is the size of the outer circle survey?

Answer 13

5-10 meters

Question 14

What is the size of the inner circle survey?

Answer 14

3-5 meters

Question 15

In a rear impact collision when a slow moving or stationary vehicle is struck, what type of significant injury may occur to the occupants if the head rest is not positioned correctly?

Answer 15

The injury is the “whiplash” effect. There may be more than significant hyper extension to the cervical spine.

Question 16

What color of wires should not be intentionally cut in vehicle extrication?

Answer 16

Red, orange, or yellow wires or a wire loom

Question 17

What is considered PPE for vehicle extrications with the CFD?

Answer 17

As a rescuer, always wear full duty gear, including: fire helmet, CSA compliant eyewear, structural PPE, hearing protection, N95 mask, and since accidents are managed in the presence of traffic high vis vests shall be worn.

Question 18

What is the gas that is used to deploy an airbag?

Answer 18

Nitrogen

Question 19

Advanced airbag systems utilize a great deal of “decision” making from the control module. What percentage of deployment can be used for airbags?

Answer 19

50% or 100% depending on the collision.

Question 20

How long can capacitors hold a charge for after a collision?

Answer 20

Capacitors can hold a charge ranging from a few seconds to 30 minutes.

Question 21

What are considered basic common stabilization tools used by the CFD?

Answer 21

Basic common stabilization tools used by the CFD consist of cribbing (2x4, 4x4, 4x6 wood blocking) step chocks, wedges (4x4 and 4x6).

Question 22

What is the most common length used on cribbing.

Answer 22

18” because it fits in most rescue compartments

Question 23

What is the holding capacity of one vertical column of 3.5x3.5 (12.25” squared)? 2x2 cross tie configuration.

Answer 23

As long as you build your cross-ties directly on top of each other the vertical columns built should support 6,000 lbs.

Building a box in a 2x2 cross-tie configuration will give you four columns, and if each column is capable of sharing the load, the box crib can handle a weight of 24,000 lbs before the wood begins to crush.

Question 24

If a cribbing box is in a 3x3 cross tie configuration of 3.5” lumber on each level, what is the holding capacity of each vertical column?

Answer 24

In the 3x3 configuration you have 9 columns and a rating of 56000 lbs.

Question 25

What is a Rescue 42 made of?

Answer 25

They are made of composite material.

Question 26

What is the working load of a Rescue 42?

Answer 26

They can support up to an 18,000 lbs working load and be used in conjunction with the strut lifting jack as an 8000 lbs ram.

Question 27

The pneumatic air chisel has three common bits. What are the bit names and a small description?

Answer 27

Panel cutter bit… looks like a Diamond
Curved bit… look like a chisel with a curve
Narrow flat… looks like a common metal chisel bit.

Question 28

Head-on collisions…

The three events associated with these collisions are:

Answer 28

1. Vehicle collision resulting in deformed front end of the vehicle (machine)
2. Spider web pattern of the windshield, deformed steering wheel, dashboard deformity (body)
3. Facial soft-tissue injuries, coup/contra coup of the brain, “whiplash” of the cervical spine, thoracic trauma (organ)

Question 29

T-Bone (lateral impact)…

The three collision events that occur are:

Answer 29

1. Collision side of vehicle deformity (machine)
2. Intrusion/deformity of the passenger compartment
3. Collision side extremities, hips, thoracic injuries, lateral neck, head (organ)

Question 30

Rear-Impact…

The three collisions may be observes as:

Answer 30

1. Back end (and front end) deformity (machine)
2. Deformity to headrest/seats of occupants (body)
3. Injury to the neck, facial trauma (organ)

Question 31

Seatbelt Pretensioners…
Seatbelt pretensioners are designed to tighten the seatbelt just prior to airbag deployment to ensure proper occupant position.

Answer 31

Earlier generations used mechanical inertia devices to lock the seatbelt in the event of a crash. Most model passenger vehicles use pyrotechnic pretensioners. A sensor sends a mili-volt charge to the electronic receiver in the pre-tensioner, which triggers a pyrotechnic charge. The charge ignites a gas that propels a piston, which quickly recoils the seatbelt to position the occupant for airbag deployment.

Note: Some older versions of pretensioners were mechanically activated spring loaded inertia triggers. These cannot be disabled by disconnecting vehicle power.

Question 32

According to FEMA, the weight bearing capacities of Douglas fir are…

Answer 32

The wood crush capacity that FEMA follows is that Douglas of Douglas fir. Douglas fir has a rated crush of 500 lbs per square inch and this crush rating is similar to many other types of soft lumber found in North America.

Question 33

Patient Access…
Any patient who is in a vehicle that has enough damage to require extrication may have suffered spinal injuries. While as rescuers we may want to enter the car immediately, our weight can cause motion to the car and patient…

Answer 33

A good rule of thumb for patient access in vehicle collisions is to use the largest opening that is furthest from the patient. In many instances, this will be the rear window or hatch. (this was on an exam)

Question 34

Airbags are designed to deploy only when a significant collision event occurs. There are 3 criteria that must be met for a modern airbag to deploy.

They are:

Answer 34

Vehicle was in motion, travelling at speed
Crash or collision occurs
Rapid deceleration of the vehicle

Question 35

Patient access…

Answer 35

A good rule of thumb for patient access in vehicle collisions is to use the largest opening that is farthest from the patient. In many instances, this will be the rear window or hatch.