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CFD Training Academy Study > HazMat Awareness and Ops > Flashcards

HazMat Awareness and Ops Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Hazardous Material?

A

A substance or material that is capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety, and property when trasnported.

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2
Q

What is a WMD?

A

weapon/weapons of mass destruction: a weapon or weapons that can cause great destruction, loss of life, or injury:

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3
Q

What does the acronym CBRNE mean?

A

Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, Explosive

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4
Q

What is terrorism?

A

The unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian, or population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives

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5
Q

What is the role of HazMat Awareness personnel?

A
  1. Detect the presence of a hazardous materials
  2. Identify the hazards and take protective actions
  3. Follow SOPs/SOGs for scene control and notification
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6
Q

What is the role of HazMat Operations personnel?

A
  1. Work in a defensive posture to confine the hazardous material
  2. May perform mission specific tasks such as product control and decon
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7
Q

What is the role of HazMat Technician personnel?

A
  1. Assume offensive strategies
  2. Approach the point of release to contain the hazardous material
  3. Plug, patch or otherwise stop the release of hazardous materials.
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8
Q

Name the nine hazard classes

A
  1. Explosives
  2. Gases
  3. Flammable liquids
  4. Flammable solids. Spontaneous Combustion Materials/ Water Reactive Substances
  5. Oxidizing Substances and Organic Pesticides
  6. Toxic or Poisonous Substances
  7. Radioactive Materials
  8. Corrosive Substances
  9. Misc. Dangerous Goods
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9
Q

On NFPA 704 markers, what are the four colors and what do they identify?

A 
Blue = Health
Red = Flammability
Yellow = Instability
White = Special Hazards
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10
Q

What type of “bill” is used for highway travel?

A

Bill of Lading

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11
Q

What mode of transport does a “waybill” use?

A

Rail Transport

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12
Q

What type of bill is used for Air Trasnport?

A

Air Bill

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13
Q

What type of transport uses a dangerous cargo manifest?

A

Water travel

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14
Q

What are SDS?

A

Summary documents that provide information about the hazards of a product and advice about safety precautions

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15
Q

What is the ERG?

A

A guide for the initial response phase of a transportation incident involving hazardous materials or dangerous goods.

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16
Q

What is Polymerization?

A

A chemical reaction that produces heat and pressure.

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17
Q

What is the weight of one litre of water?

A

Almost one kg.

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18
Q

True or False…

Pipeline markers indicate the presence of a pipeline - they do not indicate the exact location of the pipeline.

A

True. Pipeline locations within a right of way may vary along its length and there may be multiple pipelines located in the same right of way.

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19
Q

In the acronym TRACEM, what are the types of harm people may incur from hazardous materials?

A 
Thermal
Radiological
Asphyxiation
Chemical
Etiological
Mechanical
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20
Q

What is exposure?

A

The process by which people, animals, the environment and equipment are subjected to, or come in contact with, hazardous materials.

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21
Q

What are two type of exposure duration and their description?

A

Acute: high concentration and short duration
Chronic: low concentration for long duration (repeated exposures)

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22
Q

What are the four routes of entry for an exposure?

A

Inhalation (breathe it in)

Absorption (through the skin, eyes and other mucous membranes)

Ingestion (materials are swallowed)

Injection (materials enter by being punctured by a sharp object)

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23
Q

What are three protective actions responders can take to protect the public during an incident involving hazardous materials?

A
  1. Isolate and deny entry
  2. Evacuate
  3. Shelter in place
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24
Q

What is the best way to approach a hazardous materials incident?

A

Upwind, uphill, upstream

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25
Q

What are some typical ignition sources at a hazardous materials incident?

A

Open flames, road flares, sparks, running vehicle ignition, static electricity, pilot lights and heated surfaces, etc.

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26
Q

What does the risk based response APIE stand for?

A

Analyze
Plan
Implement
Evaluate

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27
Q

What are the three states elements can exist in nature?

A

Solid
Liquid
Gas

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28
Q

What is a definition of a solid?

A

A substance that retains a definite size and shape under normal conditions.

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29
Q

What is the definition of a liquid?

A

A substance that flows, has a specific volume and takes shape of its container.

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30
Q

What is the definition of a gas?

A

A substance that expands or compresses readily and has no independent shape or volume.

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31
Q

What is the definition of vapor pressure?

A

It is a measure of force created when a liquid evaporates.

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32
Q

What does boiling point mean?

A

It is the temperature at which a liquid’s vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure. The higher a chemical’s vapor pressure, the quicker it boils, producing more and more vapors.

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33
Q

What is persistence?

A

It is the length of time a chemical agent will remain effective in the environment after it has been dispersed.

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34
Q

What is vapor density?

A

A measure of weight of a gas compared to an equal volume of air.

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35
Q

What is specific gravity?

A

It is a concept used to measure the weight of solids and liquids in comparison to an equal volume of water.

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36
Q

What is solubility?

A

It is the ability of a substance to dissolve.

37
Q

What is miscibility?

A

It is the ability of a substance to be mixed together without limit.

38
Q

What is immiscibility?

A

It is the INABILITY for a substance to be mixed together.

39
Q

What is flash point?

A

It is the minimum temperature at which a liquid releases enough vapors to create and ignitable mixture near the surface of the liquid.

40
Q

What is flammable (explosive) range?

A

This refers to the concentration of a flammable vapor or gas in the air.

41
Q

What is corrosivity?

A

The extent at which a substance contains an acid or a base
Acidic 0 Battery Acid

Neutral 7 Pure Water

Basic 14 Drain Cleaner

42
Q

What is chemical reactivity?

A

The result when two or more substances combine to form a new chemical which cause energy to be absorbed or released.

43
Q

What is a BLEVE?

A

Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion

44
Q

What is radiation?

A

The emission of electromagnetic energy, in either non-ionizing or ionizing form.

45
Q

Describe Alpha particles…

A

Positive charge, lose energy rapidly, can be blocked by skin

46
Q

Describe Beta particles…

A

Positive and Negative charged protons and electrons, fast moving and can penetrate skin and cause damage

47
Q

Describe Gamma rays…

A

Have zero charge or mass, can go through the skin or body, stopped by two inches of lead or two feet of concrete (x-rays)

48
Q

Describe neutron particles…

A

Produced by fission reactions, has mass but no charge

49
Q

What are the three best ways to protect yourself against exposure to radiation?

A

Time, distance, and shielding

50
Q

What are the three types of stress that can be made to a container?

A

Thermal, mechanical, and chemical

51
Q

Describe thermal stress..

A

The heating or cooling of a container and its contents

52
Q

Describe mechanical stress…

A

The transfer of energy from one object to another.

53
Q

Describe chemical stress…

A

The interaction between materials and/or their container.

54
Q

What is a breach?

A

It is the development or unwanted openings in a container when it is stressed beyond its recovery capacity.

55
Q

What is a release?

A

The escape of matter and energy from a breached container.

56
Q

Describe dispersion…

A

The formation of predictable dispersion patterns leading away from point of release.

57
Q

Describe engulfment…

A

This occurs when hazards, such as a vapor cloud, surround of completely cover an area.

58
Q

Describe impingement…

A

The duration of time that the material has contact with another object or exposure.

59
Q

Describe harm and its possible outcomes…

A

Effects of exposure to hazardous materials and or their container. This can result in injury, illness, and death. Also system disruption for infrastructure.

60
Q

What is exposures?

A

This is used to refer to people, property, environment, and systems that can be affected.

61
Q

Describe Level A chemical protective clothing…

A

Gives the user the highest level of both respiratory and skin protection for situations where there is the greatest potential for exposure to vapors and liquids. This is used in offensive tactics.

62
Q

Describe Level B chemical protection…

A

Gives the user the same amount of respiratory protection as level with protection against spills and splashes. This is used in decon operations.

63
Q

Describe Level C chemical protection…

A

This gives the user the same amount of spill and splash protection as Level B but with less respiratory protection. This level requires an atmosphere with sufficient levels of oxygen.

64
Q

Describe Level D chemical protection…

A

This gives the user protection where there are no contaminants present or precludes splashes, immersion, or the potential for unexpected inhalation or contact with hazardous levels of chemicals. This consists of gloves, coveralls, safety glasses, face shield, chemical resistant steel toed boots.

65
Q

What are the three types of respiratory protection?

A

SCBA… self contained BA
SABA… supplied air BA
Air purifying respirator

66
Q

There are three principal manners by which protective clothing can be compromised, describe penetration…

A

The movement of chemical through existing openings in a material or garment.

67
Q

There are three principal manners by which protective clothing can be compromised, describe degradation…

A

This refers to an actual observable or measurable change in a material caused by contact with another agent.

68
Q

There are three principal manners by which protective clothing can be compromised, describe permeation…

A

This refers to the movement of a chemical through a material on the molecular level.

69
Q

Control is defined as the procedures, techniques, and methods used in the mitigation of hazardous materials or dangerous goods incidents. Control includes what three methods?

A

Confinement, containment, extinguishment

70
Q

Describe confinement…

A

This includes the procedures taken to keep a material or product, once it is released, in a defined or local area.

71
Q

Describe containment…

A

To stop a release or reduce the amount being released and keep as much of the material or product within its container.

72
Q

Describe extinguishment…

A

This requires actions to cause fire to cease burning.

73
Q

What is vapor suppression?

A

Using foam to reduce the emission of vapors at a spill.

74
Q

Dams, dikes, diversion, and retention areas are ways to prevent the spread of spilled materials. Describe how dikes work and are used…

A

Dikes are used to control releases on land especially around a container. They use a raised partition of soil to contain or protect.

75
Q

Dams, dikes, diversion, and retention areas are ways to prevent the spread of spilled materials. Describe how dams work and are used…

A

Dams are barriers and usually built in ditches, streams or creeks that stop down stream contamination.

76
Q

Dams, dikes, diversion, and retention areas are ways to prevent the spread of spilled materials. Describe how diversion barriers work and are used…

A

They channel spilled materials into a containment area and require the same amount of equipment and materials as diking.

77
Q

Dams, dikes, diversion, and retention areas are ways to prevent the spread of spilled materials. Describe how retention areas work and are used…

A

These include holding pits and ponds used to catch and hold released material until it can be disposed of.

78
Q

Describe how absorption works…

A

Soaks up spilled material like a sponge.

79
Q

Describe how adsorption works…

A

Adsorbents interact by adhering to, or attaching themselves to, liquid hazmats.

80
Q

True or false…

Responders should not shut off any valves without direction from facility or pipeline operators.

A

True. In most cases, facility personnel know where valves are located and their proper operation.

81
Q

What is emergency decon?

A

The process of immediately reducing contamination of individuals in potentially life-threatening situations with or without the formal establishment or a decon corridor.

82
Q

What is mass deon?

A

The physical process of reducing or removing surface contaminants from large numbers of victims in potentially life-threatening situations in the fastest time possible.

83
Q

What is technical decon?

A

The planned and systematic process of reducing contamination to a level that is as low as reasonably achievable.

84
Q

What is gross decon?

A

A phase of the decon process where significant reduction of the amount of surface contamination takes place as soon as possible.

85
Q

What is the hot zone or exclusion zone?

A

The area in which the hazardous materials goods are located.

86
Q

What is the warm zone?

A

A transition area between the hot and the cold zone.

87
Q

What is the cold zone?

A

The area furthest from the contamination.

88
Q

What are four methods of communication at a hazardous materials incident?

A

Face to face, radio transmission, hand signals, air horns or tones to signify danger.

89
Q

What are some situations that would require to withdraw from an incident?

A

Weather conditions change, additional hazards are identified, secondary threats occur, additional info is received, lack of resources.

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