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Biology > Vegetative plant organs > Flashcards

Vegetative plant organs Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Vegetative plant organs

A

Root, stem, leaves

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2
Q

Root function

A
  • ancor plants
  • absorb water and nutrient materials from the soil
  • conduct water and nutrient materials to the rest of the plant
  • store nutrient materials
  • serve as important food resources for animals
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3
Q

anchor

A

zakotvit

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4
Q

root anatomy

A

root hairs, epidermis, cortex, pericycle, xylem, phloem

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5
Q

root anatomy parts

A

region of maturation, region of elongation, apical meristem, root cap

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6
Q

root hairs translation

A

kořenové vlášení

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7
Q

epidermis translation

A

pokožka

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8
Q

phloem translation

A

lýko

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9
Q

xylem translation

A

dřevo

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10
Q

vascular tissue translation

A

vodivé pletivo

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11
Q

root cap translation

A

kořenová čepička

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12
Q

vascular tissue

A

phloem + xylem

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13
Q

xylem function

A

carries minerals and water up

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14
Q

phloem function

A

carries sugars down

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15
Q

apical meristem

A

growth + division

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16
Q

region of elongation

A

growth, no division

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17
Q

region of maturation

A

no growth, no division

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18
Q

Types of roots

A

taproot, fibrous roots, adventitious roots, aerial roots

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19
Q

taproot

A

= one big root that can store food
= bulva
- function: absorption, anchoring
- e.g. carrot, beetroot

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20
Q

fibrous roots

A

= svazčité kořeny
=numerous small roots
- grow near surface
- function: absorption, anchoring
- e.g. grasses

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21
Q

adventitious roots

A

= roots from stem
= adventativní kořeny
- grow down to soil from stem, above ground
- function: support, absorption
-e.g. Banyan tree

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22
Q

Aerial roots

A

= vzdušné kořeny
- grow without soil, in air
- function: absorb water from moist air
- e.g. orchids, banyan, vines

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23
Q

Types of stem

A

herbaceous and woody

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24
Q

herbaceous stem

A

lack tough structural(=woody) parts

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25
Q

woody stem

A

structural components made of lignified cellulosis cell

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26
Q

stem function

A
  • anchor leaves to the roots
  • structural support
  • internal transport
  • production of new plant tissues
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27
Q

anchor leaves to the roots=

A

connecting photosynthetic tissues to mineral sources

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28
Q

absorption translation

A

vstřebávání, pohlcení

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29
Q

stem structural support=

A
  • plants are upright
  • plants harvest light
  • plant reproductive structures exposed for pollination
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30
Q

pollination translation

A

opylování

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31
Q

stem internal transport=

A
  • water and minerals from roots(xylem)
  • sugar from photosynthesis to roots(phloem)
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32
Q

stem structures

A

Node, internode

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33
Q

node translation

A

úzlina

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34
Q

node

A

=place where leaves are attached
- lateral bud with an apical meristem capable of developing into a new shoot

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35
Q

lateral bud translation

A

postranní pupen

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36
Q

internode

A

part of stem between nodes

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37
Q

stem internal anatomy types

A

monocot, dicot

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38
Q

monocot translation

A

jednoděložné

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39
Q

dicot translation

A

dvouděložné

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40
Q

stem growth

A
  1. growth in length
  2. growth in circumference(width)
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41
Q

stem growth in length

A

only at tips of stems where new primary growth occurs via apical meristems

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42
Q

stem growth in circumference

A

via lateral meristems - only dicots(trees)

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43
Q

Woody stems parts

A

Heartwood, sapwood, bark

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44
Q

heartwood translation

A

jádro

45
Q

bark translation

A

běl

46
Q

sapwood translation

A

Běl

47
Q

Sapwood

A
  • lighter in colour
  • nearer to outside of tree trunk
  • function: transport (live xylem)
47
Q

Heartwood

A
  • dark colour
  • center of tree trunk
  • dead xylem, no longer transports water
  • function: support
48
Q

Bark

A
  • made of cork, cork cambium and phloem
49
Q

Stem modifications

A

bulbs, rhizomes, runners, tubers, tendrils, cladophylls

50
Q

bulbs

A

= cibule
- function: storage, asexual reproduction
- e.g. onion, garlic, tulip, narcis

51
Q

rhizomes

A

= oddenek
- function: storage
-e.g. iris, ginger

52
Q

runners

A

= šlahoun
- function: reproduction
- e.g. strawberries

53
Q

tubers

A

= hlíza
- function: storage(starch), reproduction
- e.g. potato

54
Q

tendrils

A

= úponky
- function: reproduction
- e.g. grape

55
Q

cladophylls

A

= kaktus
- function: storage of water
- e.g. cactus, prickly pear

56
Q

leaves function

A
  • light harvesting
  • location of photosynthesis
  • photon collection and carbon fixation
  • increases surface area
  • water transport through the plant
  • prevent unnecessary water loss
57
Q

structure of a leaf

A
  • very specific, can be used for identification
  • blade, veins, petiole, axil, stipules
58
Q

blade

A

= čepel
- broad, flat, collects light

59
Q

veins

A

= žily
- vascular tissue

60
Q

venation

A

= net of veins
= žilnatina

61
Q

petiole

A

= řapík
- optional
- attaches blade to stem

62
Q

axil

A
  • interaction of petiole and stem
  • sometimes has axillary bud
63
Q

stipules

A

= zálistky
- optional
-outgrowths at base

64
Q

bud translation

A

pupen

65
Q

leaf anatomy

A

cuticle, upper epidermis, palisade mesophyll, bundle sheath, xylem, phloem, spongy mesophyll, lower epidermis, guard cells, stoma, gas space

66
Q

bundle translation

A

svazek

67
Q

sheath translation

A

pochva

68
Q

stoma translation

A

průduch

69
Q

evaporation translation

A

vypařování

70
Q

lens translation

A

čočinky

71
Q

windows translation

A

otvory

72
Q

guard cells translation

A

podpůrné buňky

73
Q

cuticle

A

reduces evaporation

74
Q

upper epidermis

A

lens, windows

75
Q

palisade mesophyll

A

photosynthesis

76
Q

bundle sheath

A

load phloem

77
Q

xylem

A

conduct minerals up from soil

78
Q

phloem

A

conduct sugar away from the leaf

79
Q

spongy mesophyll

A

evaporate cooling

80
Q

lower epidermis

A

reduce evaporation

81
Q

guard cells

A

regulate gas exchange

82
Q

stoma

A

opening

83
Q

stoma anatomy

A

thickened inner wall, stoma, chloroplast, nucleus, epidermis, guard cell

84
Q

types of leaves

A

1.simple(jednoduché)
2.compound (složité)
- even compound (sudozpeřené)
- odd compound (lichozpeřené)

85
Q

position of leaves

A

opposite, in a whorl, alternate, basal rosette

86
Q

opposite

A

vstřícné

87
Q

alternate

A

střídavé

88
Q

in a whorl

A

přeslen

89
Q

basal rosette

A

přízemní listová růžice

90
Q

leaf shape

A

lance-shaped, egg-shaped, triangular, long-pointed, heart-shaped

91
Q

lance-shaped

A

kopinatý

92
Q

egg-shaped

A

vejčitý

93
Q

triangular

A

trojúhelníkový

94
Q

long-pointed

A

podlouhlý

95
Q

heart-shaped

A

srdčitý

96
Q

margins

A

okraje

97
Q

leaf margins

A

toothed, toothless, lobed

98
Q

toothed

A

pilovitý

99
Q

toothless

A

celokrajný

100
Q

lobed

A

Poločnatý

101
Q

carnivorous plants

A
  • digest insects to get nutrition
  • have different traps to attract and catch insects
  • have special liquid
  • need rain water
  • digestive enzymes
  • e.g. mucholapka
102
Q

modified leaves

A

tendrils, cacti, succulents, poinsettia, with trichomes

103
Q

tendrils

A

= úponek
- catches on something to grow up

104
Q

cacti

A

= spines
- protection, able to collect water in the stem

105
Q

succulents

A
  • storage of water
106
Q

poinsettia

A

red colour to attract, colourful

107
Q

with trichomes

A
  • protection(from herbivores, sun)
  • glandular (carnivorous plants)
108
Q
A

Biology (11 decks)

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