Vegetative plant organs Flashcards
Vegetative plant organs
Root, stem, leaves
Root function
- ancor plants
- absorb water and nutrient materials from the soil
- conduct water and nutrient materials to the rest of the plant
- store nutrient materials
- serve as important food resources for animals
anchor
zakotvit
root anatomy
root hairs, epidermis, cortex, pericycle, xylem, phloem
root anatomy parts
region of maturation, region of elongation, apical meristem, root cap
root hairs translation
kořenové vlášení
epidermis translation
pokožka
phloem translation
lýko
xylem translation
dřevo
vascular tissue translation
vodivé pletivo
root cap translation
kořenová čepička
vascular tissue
phloem + xylem
xylem function
carries minerals and water up
phloem function
carries sugars down
apical meristem
growth + division
region of elongation
growth, no division
region of maturation
no growth, no division
Types of roots
taproot, fibrous roots, adventitious roots, aerial roots
taproot
= one big root that can store food
= bulva
- function: absorption, anchoring
- e.g. carrot, beetroot
fibrous roots
= svazčité kořeny
=numerous small roots
- grow near surface
- function: absorption, anchoring
- e.g. grasses
adventitious roots
= roots from stem
= adventativní kořeny
- grow down to soil from stem, above ground
- function: support, absorption
-e.g. Banyan tree
Aerial roots
= vzdušné kořeny
- grow without soil, in air
- function: absorb water from moist air
- e.g. orchids, banyan, vines
Types of stem
herbaceous and woody
herbaceous stem
lack tough structural(=woody) parts
woody stem
structural components made of lignified cellulosis cell
stem function
- anchor leaves to the roots
- structural support
- internal transport
- production of new plant tissues
anchor leaves to the roots=
connecting photosynthetic tissues to mineral sources
absorption translation
vstřebávání, pohlcení
stem structural support=
- plants are upright
- plants harvest light
- plant reproductive structures exposed for pollination
pollination translation
opylování
stem internal transport=
- water and minerals from roots(xylem)
- sugar from photosynthesis to roots(phloem)
stem structures
Node, internode
node translation
úzlina
node
=place where leaves are attached
- lateral bud with an apical meristem capable of developing into a new shoot
lateral bud translation
postranní pupen
internode
part of stem between nodes
stem internal anatomy types
monocot, dicot
monocot translation
jednoděložné
dicot translation
dvouděložné
stem growth
- growth in length
- growth in circumference(width)
stem growth in length
only at tips of stems where new primary growth occurs via apical meristems
stem growth in circumference
via lateral meristems - only dicots(trees)
Woody stems parts
Heartwood, sapwood, bark
heartwood translation
jádro
bark translation
běl
sapwood translation
Běl
Sapwood
- lighter in colour
- nearer to outside of tree trunk
- function: transport (live xylem)
Heartwood
- dark colour
- center of tree trunk
- dead xylem, no longer transports water
- function: support
Bark
- made of cork, cork cambium and phloem
Stem modifications
bulbs, rhizomes, runners, tubers, tendrils, cladophylls
bulbs
= cibule
- function: storage, asexual reproduction
- e.g. onion, garlic, tulip, narcis
rhizomes
= oddenek
- function: storage
-e.g. iris, ginger
runners
= šlahoun
- function: reproduction
- e.g. strawberries
tubers
= hlíza
- function: storage(starch), reproduction
- e.g. potato
tendrils
= úponky
- function: reproduction
- e.g. grape
cladophylls
= kaktus
- function: storage of water
- e.g. cactus, prickly pear
leaves function
- light harvesting
- location of photosynthesis
- photon collection and carbon fixation
- increases surface area
- water transport through the plant
- prevent unnecessary water loss
structure of a leaf
- very specific, can be used for identification
- blade, veins, petiole, axil, stipules
blade
= čepel
- broad, flat, collects light
veins
= žily
- vascular tissue
venation
= net of veins
= žilnatina
petiole
= řapík
- optional
- attaches blade to stem
axil
- interaction of petiole and stem
- sometimes has axillary bud
stipules
= zálistky
- optional
-outgrowths at base
bud translation
pupen
leaf anatomy
cuticle, upper epidermis, palisade mesophyll, bundle sheath, xylem, phloem, spongy mesophyll, lower epidermis, guard cells, stoma, gas space
bundle translation
svazek
sheath translation
pochva
stoma translation
průduch
evaporation translation
vypařování
lens translation
čočinky
windows translation
otvory
guard cells translation
podpůrné buňky
cuticle
reduces evaporation
upper epidermis
lens, windows
palisade mesophyll
photosynthesis
bundle sheath
load phloem
xylem
conduct minerals up from soil
phloem
conduct sugar away from the leaf
spongy mesophyll
evaporate cooling
lower epidermis
reduce evaporation
guard cells
regulate gas exchange
stoma
opening
stoma anatomy
thickened inner wall, stoma, chloroplast, nucleus, epidermis, guard cell
types of leaves
1.simple(jednoduché)
2.compound (složité)
- even compound (sudozpeřené)
- odd compound (lichozpeřené)
position of leaves
opposite, in a whorl, alternate, basal rosette
opposite
vstřícné
alternate
střídavé
in a whorl
přeslen
basal rosette
přízemní listová růžice
leaf shape
lance-shaped, egg-shaped, triangular, long-pointed, heart-shaped
lance-shaped
kopinatý
egg-shaped
vejčitý
triangular
trojúhelníkový
long-pointed
podlouhlý
heart-shaped
srdčitý
margins
okraje
leaf margins
toothed, toothless, lobed
toothed
pilovitý
toothless
celokrajný
lobed
Poločnatý
carnivorous plants
- digest insects to get nutrition
- have different traps to attract and catch insects
- have special liquid
- need rain water
- digestive enzymes
- e.g. mucholapka
modified leaves
tendrils, cacti, succulents, poinsettia, with trichomes
tendrils
= úponek
- catches on something to grow up
cacti
= spines
- protection, able to collect water in the stem
succulents
- storage of water
poinsettia
red colour to attract, colourful
with trichomes
- protection(from herbivores, sun)
- glandular (carnivorous plants)
