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Biology > Kingdom Animalia > Flashcards

Kingdom Animalia Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

zoology

A

biological discipline which studies animals

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2
Q

Carl von Lineé

A

father of taxonomy (binomial nomenclature)

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3
Q

binomial nomenclature

A

dvojslové pojmenování

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4
Q

difference between plant and animal cell

A

plant cell - cell wall, vacuole, chloroplast
animal cell - lysosome

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5
Q

animals characteristics

A
  • heterotrophic
  • usually multicellular
  • eukaryotic
  • 95% invertebrates, 5% vertebrates
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6
Q

unicellular animals

A

protozoa

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7
Q

protozoa

A

prvocí

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8
Q

types of body symetry

A
  • asymmetrical
  • radial
  • bilaterial
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9
Q

types of body cavities

A

1) acoelomates
2) pseudocoelomates
3) coelomates

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10
Q

coelo

A

dutina tělní

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11
Q

acoelomates tr

A

bez pravé tělní dutiny

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12
Q

pseudocoelomates

A

s falešní tělní dutinou

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13
Q

coelomates

A

s právou tělní dutinou

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14
Q

acoelomates example

A

flatworms

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15
Q

flatworms tr

A

Pláštěnci

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16
Q

acoelomates characteristics

A
  • have no body cavity
  • nutrients and waste diffuse from one cell to another, no circulatory system
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17
Q

pseudocoelomates example

A

roundworms

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18
Q

roundworms tr

A

Hlísti

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19
Q

pseudocoelomates ch.

A
  • fluid-filled body cavity that develops between mesoderm and endoderm
  • separates mesoderm and ectoderm - limits tissues and organs development
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20
Q

germ layers

A
  • endoderm (inside)
  • ectoderm (outside)
  • mesoderm(in-between)
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21
Q

germ layers tr

A

Zárodečné vrstvy

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22
Q

coelomates сh

A
  • coelom is formed from mesoderm
  • important for the development of efficient organs and organ systems
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23
Q

feeding types

A
  • herbivore
  • carnivore
  • omnivore
  • insectivore - frog, lizard
  • detritivore (rotten wood) - wood worm
  • filter feeders - whale, whale shark
  • parasite(hemi/holo) - tick, mosquito, flea, tepeworm, fluke
  • decomposer - meatfly
  • predator
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24
Q

tapeworm tr

A

tasemnice

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25
Q

respiration

A

intake of oxygen, releasing of carbon dioxide

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26
Q

respiration organs

A

lungs, gills, diffusion, tracheae

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27
Q

gills tr

A

žábry

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28
Q

gills types

A
  • internal - fish, lobster
  • external - axolotl
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29
Q

tracheae tr

A

vzdušnice

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30
Q

circulation through

A
  • diffusion
  • circulatory system
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31
Q

circulatory system

A
  • heart
  • blood vessels
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32
Q

heart parts

A
  • atrium
  • ventricle
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33
Q

atrium tr

A

síň

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34
Q

ventricle tr

A

komora

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35
Q

types of blood vessels

A
  • veins
  • arthery
  • capillaries
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36
Q

veins tr

A

žíly

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37
Q

arteries tr

A

tepny

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38
Q

capillaries tr

A

vlásečnice

39
Q

excretion

A

elimination of waste

40
Q

primary waste product

A

ammonia

41
Q

ammonia tr

A

čpavek

42
Q

excretion of liquid wastes

A
  • diffusion (ammonia)
  • nephridia (urea)
  • Malpighian tubules (uric acid)
  • kidney (urea)
43
Q

nephron

A

= základní stavební jednotka ledvin

44
Q

response to stimuli

A
  • receptor cells - sound, light, external stimuli
  • nerve cells - nervous system
45
Q

parts of nervous system

A
  • central
  • peripheral
46
Q

central NS

A

brain, spine

47
Q

peripheral NS

A

nerves, ganglia

48
Q

types of nervous sustems

A
  • diffusive NS
  • ladder-like NS
49
Q

diffusive NS e.g.

A

jellyfish

50
Q

ladder-like NS e.g.

A

humans

51
Q

diffusive NS tr

A

rozptylená nervová soustava

52
Q

ladder-like tr

A

Žebříčkovitá

53
Q

types of movement

A
  • motile (e.g corals)
  • sessile
54
Q

motile tr

A

pohyblivý

55
Q

sessile tr

A

přisedlý

56
Q

movement organs

A
  • muscles
  • skeleton
57
Q

types of skeletons

A
  • endoskeleton
  • exoskeleton
  • hydroskeleton (earthworms)
58
Q

types of reproduction

A
  • sexual - genetic diversity
  • asexual - increase their numbers quickly
59
Q

asexual reproduction

A
  • fragmentation
  • budding
  • parthenogenesis
60
Q

zygote life cycle

A

fertilization -> morula -> blastula -> forming germ layers -> neurolation -> organogenesis

61
Q

fertilization

A

sperm and egg unite into a zygote

62
Q

cleavage

A

rapid cell division, creating a ball morula

63
Q

blastula

A

forming a hollow ball called blastula

64
Q

gastrulation

A

forming primary layers

65
Q

neurulation

A

development of the nervous system

66
Q

organogenesis

A

formation of organs and tissues from the three primary layers

67
Q

ectoderm develops into

A

brain, skin, nails

68
Q

mesoderm develops into

A

skeleton, muscles, blood vessels

69
Q

endoderm develops into

A

digestive system, organs, respiratory tract

70
Q

protists ch

A
  • damp or aquatic environments
  • motile
  • small in size
71
Q

protists grouped into

A
  1. Flagellates - long flagella
  2. Amoeboids - pseudopodia
  3. Ciliates - short cilia
  4. Sporozoa - from spores
72
Q

flagellates tr

A

bičíkovci

73
Q

amoeboids tr

A

měňavky

74
Q

ciliates tr

A

nálevníci

75
Q

sporozoa tr

A

výtrusovci

76
Q

Flagellates

A
  • long flagella to move
  • multiply by binary fission
  • some are parasites
77
Q

flagellates infections

A
  • trichomonas vaginalis
  • trypanosoma
78
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis

A

causes infections in female vagina

79
Q

trypanosoma

A

causes sleeping sickness
- transmitted by tsetse fly
- fever, headache, fatigue, coma, death

80
Q

euglena structure

A

flagellum, stigma(eyespot), reservoir, nucleus, nucleolus, chloroplast, contractive vacuole, pelicle

81
Q

Amoeboids

A
  • flowing cytoplasm, with the production of pseudopodia
82
Q

amoeboids infections

A

entamoeba histolytica
- měňavka úplavičná
- affects humans and primates

83
Q

amoeba structure

A

plasma membrane, cytoplasm, pseudopodia, food vacuole and contractive vacuole

84
Q

Ciliates

A
  • short numerous cilia for movement
  • two nuclei
  • aquatic environment
  • symbiosis with green algae
85
Q

ciliates examples

A

Stentor - mrskavka
Vorticella - vířenka
Paramecium - trepka

86
Q

ciliates structure

A

cilia(movement, feeding), macronucleus, micronucleus (reproduction), contractive vacuole(collecting water and nutrition), anal pore(cytoproct), mouth pore (cytostome), cytopharynx

87
Q

Sporozoans

A
  • sessile
  • intracellular parasites
  • apical complex for host penetration
88
Q

sporozoans parasite

A

Plasmodium - malaria parasite
- transmitted by Anopheles mosquitos
- multiply in red blood cells
- causing anemia, fever, nausea, death
Coccidia - causes intestinal disease

89
Q

Plasmodium life cycle

A

mosquito -> liver-> liver cell-> red blood cells-> gametes -> fertilization -> zygote-> sporozoites-> mosquito

90
Q

Rotifera tr

A

vířníci

91
Q

Rotifera structure

A
  • body divided into head, trunk and foot
  • head bears the corona
  • trunk has a cuticle for defence
  • foot often bears 1-4 toes for attachment
92
Q

Rotifera

A
  • freshwater and marine
  • parasitic
  • sessile, colonial
  • parthenogenesis
93
Q

Porifera

A
  • marine , shallow ocean
  • about 5000 species (tube, barrel, rope)
  • attached to the bottom of the ocean
  • sessile
  • budding, fragmentation
  • hermaphrodite
  • water used for circulation, no circulatory system
  • no body symmetry

Biology (11 decks)

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