cnidaria, flatworms, roundworms, annelida Flashcards
cnidaria basic info
- diploblastic
- only tissues, np organs
- radial symmetry
- diffusive NS
diploblastic meaning
2 germ layers - ectoderm and endoderm
tentacles function
capturing prey and moving, have nematocysts = stinging bladder for paralyzing prey
cnidaria digestion
gastrovascular cavity - one hole functions as a mouth and the anus
cnidaria breathing
diffusion - through the body surface
cnidaria reproduction
asexual (budding, fission, fragmentation) and asexual (internal and external fertilization)
main classes of cnidaria
- Hydrozoa - polypovci
- Anthozoa - corals and sea anemones - korálnatci
- Scyphozoa - jellyfish - medúzovci
hydra tr
nezmar
anemone tr
sasanka
the biggest jellyfish
cyanea - talířovka
class hydrozoa
2 groups:
1) Hydroids
2) Siphonophores
hydroids
small, branching polyp colonies by budding, attached to surfaces
hydroids example
hydra - only polyp stage, fresh water, predator, regenerates quickly
siphonophores
colonial, individual organisms, big, free floating
siphonophores example
Portuguese man o` war - long tentacles, big, blue
class anthozoa
- Polyp stage only - sessile
- corals and sea anemones
- can be colonial and solitary
- create coral reefs
corals
- builders of coral reefs
- live in colonies
sea anemones
- solitary
- colorful
- tentacles to catch prey
Class scyphozoa
- true jellyfish
- most of their life medusa stage
scyphozoa examples
- basic jellyfish
- sea wasp
- turritopsis nutricula
sea wasp
= box jellyfish
= čtyřhranka
- Australia, Hawaii
- poison to kill 60 people in 3 minutes
- cube size, tentacles to 3 meters long
turritopsis nutricula
- called immortal jellyfish
- can reverse its life cycle
- if stressed or damaged on meduse stage, can come back to the polyp stage instead of dying
Flatworms basic info
- acoelomates
- live in water, damp environments
- some are parasitic
- bilateral symmetry
- good regeneration
flatworms CS and respiration
diffusion
flatworms digestion
gastrovascular cavity, protonephridia
flatworms NS
ladder-like
flatworms reproduction
hermaphrodite, sexual and asexual
flatworms classes
- Turbellaria
- Trematoda = flukes
- Cestoda = tapeworms
flatworms tr
ploštěnci
turbellaria tr
ploštěnky
flukes tr
motolice
tapeworms tr
tasemnice
Turbellaria
- small, free living
- cilia for movement
- no suckers
- Planaria
turbellaria example
Planaria
- fresh water
- eye spot
- sensory cells
Flukes
- no cilia
- 2 suckers - help in attachment
- parasites
- fasciola hepatica
flukes example
- fasciola hepatika
= motolice jaterní
= sheep liver fluke
Tapeworms
- endoparasites
- food by diffusion
- 4 suckers + hooks
- no digestive system
- divided to segments called proglottids, which contain eggs
- if gets to NS, can cause epileptic seizure
- taenia
tapeworms example
Taenia
- beef, pork, fish tapeworm
- abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, loss of appetite
- parts of worm or eggs in the stool of infected person - up to 20 meters
roundworms basic info
- mostly parasitic
- aquatic environment or soil
- bilateral symmetry
- mouth and anus - complete DS
- no RS and CS
- ladder-like NS
- present tough outer cuticle
- pseudocoelomates
- sexual reproduction
roundworms examples
- pinworm - roup dětský
- ascaris - škrkavka
- wuchereria - vlasovec mízní
Pinworm
- roup dětský
- lives in intestines -> eggs around the anus -> cause itching -> scratching -> eggs get under the nails -> children touch everything -> others get infected
Ascaris
= škrkavka
- infection through water or food contaminated with fecal matter with eggs in it
- cause inflammation, fever, diarrhea
- tropical countries with poor hygiene
Wucheria
= vlasovec mízní
- spread by mosquito
- tropical, sub-tropical areas
- can result in elephantiasis = gross expansion of the body
Annelida basic info
- segmented worms - each segment contain nerves, organs and muscles
- aquatic environment, soil
- coelomates
- closed CS
- ladder-like NS
annelida locomotion
- hydrostatic skeleton (filled with fluid)
- muscles
- bristles as anchors
bristles tr
štětinky
annelida digestion system
- mouth, pharynx
- two types of stomach - crop(collects food) and gizzard(food is crushed)
- intestine, anus
annelida reproduction
hermaphrodite, sexual
annelida development
- direct (zygote -> adult)
- indirect (has larvae stage)
annelida classes
- Polychaeta - ragworms - mnohoštětinatci
- Clitellata - Opaskovci
1) Oligochaeta - earthworms - máloštětinatci
2) Hirudinea - leeches - pijavice
Polychaeta
- marine
- many bristled - each segment has a pair of parapodia with bristles - locomotion and breathing
- source of protein
- indirect development
- sandworm(nereis), lugworm
sandworm(nereis) tr
nereidka
lugworm tr
pískovník rybářský
Clitellata
- terrestrial worms
- have a clitellum - collar, forms a reproductive cocoon after mating
- no parapodia, only bristles
- direct development
clitellata 2 classes
1) Oligochaeta - earthworms
2) Hirudinea - leeches
Oligochaeta
= earthworms
- lay their eggs in a cocoon in the soil
- can replicate lost segments
- in large numbers after the rain
- beneficial for soil
Hirudinea
= leeches
- dont have bristles but suckers - connecting to the host cell
- parasites
- blood sucking
- use in medicine - lowering blood tension = hirudo medicinalis
Hirudo medicinalis
= pijavka lékařská
- contains hirudin - anti-clothing enzyme
- lowering blood tension
anti-clothing tr
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