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Biology > cnidaria, flatworms, roundworms, annelida > Flashcards

cnidaria, flatworms, roundworms, annelida Flashcards

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1
Q

cnidaria basic info

A
  • diploblastic
  • only tissues, np organs
  • radial symmetry
  • diffusive NS
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2
Q

diploblastic meaning

A

2 germ layers - ectoderm and endoderm

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3
Q

tentacles function

A

capturing prey and moving, have nematocysts = stinging bladder for paralyzing prey

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4
Q

cnidaria digestion

A

gastrovascular cavity - one hole functions as a mouth and the anus

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5
Q

cnidaria breathing

A

diffusion - through the body surface

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6
Q

cnidaria reproduction

A

asexual (budding, fission, fragmentation) and asexual (internal and external fertilization)

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7
Q

main classes of cnidaria

A
  1. Hydrozoa - polypovci
  2. Anthozoa - corals and sea anemones - korálnatci
  3. Scyphozoa - jellyfish - medúzovci
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8
Q

hydra tr

A

nezmar

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9
Q

anemone tr

A

sasanka

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10
Q

the biggest jellyfish

A

cyanea - talířovka

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11
Q

class hydrozoa

A

2 groups:
1) Hydroids
2) Siphonophores

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12
Q

hydroids

A

small, branching polyp colonies by budding, attached to surfaces

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13
Q

hydroids example

A

hydra - only polyp stage, fresh water, predator, regenerates quickly

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14
Q

siphonophores

A

colonial, individual organisms, big, free floating

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15
Q

siphonophores example

A

Portuguese man o` war - long tentacles, big, blue

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16
Q

class anthozoa

A
  • Polyp stage only - sessile
  • corals and sea anemones
  • can be colonial and solitary
  • create coral reefs
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17
Q

corals

A
  • builders of coral reefs
  • live in colonies
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18
Q

sea anemones

A
  • solitary
  • colorful
  • tentacles to catch prey
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19
Q

Class scyphozoa

A
  • true jellyfish
  • most of their life medusa stage
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20
Q

scyphozoa examples

A
  • basic jellyfish
  • sea wasp
  • turritopsis nutricula
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21
Q

sea wasp

A

= box jellyfish
= čtyřhranka
- Australia, Hawaii
- poison to kill 60 people in 3 minutes
- cube size, tentacles to 3 meters long

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22
Q

turritopsis nutricula

A
  • called immortal jellyfish
  • can reverse its life cycle
  • if stressed or damaged on meduse stage, can come back to the polyp stage instead of dying
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23
Q

Flatworms basic info

A
  • acoelomates
  • live in water, damp environments
  • some are parasitic
  • bilateral symmetry
  • good regeneration
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24
Q

flatworms CS and respiration

A

diffusion

25
Q

flatworms digestion

A

gastrovascular cavity, protonephridia

26
Q

flatworms NS

A

ladder-like

27
Q

flatworms reproduction

A

hermaphrodite, sexual and asexual

28
Q

flatworms classes

A
  1. Turbellaria
  2. Trematoda = flukes
  3. Cestoda = tapeworms
29
Q

flatworms tr

A

ploštěnci

30
Q

turbellaria tr

A

ploštěnky

31
Q

flukes tr

A

motolice

32
Q

tapeworms tr

A

tasemnice

33
Q

Turbellaria

A
  • small, free living
  • cilia for movement
  • no suckers
  • Planaria
34
Q

turbellaria example

A

Planaria
- fresh water
- eye spot
- sensory cells

35
Q

Flukes

A
  • no cilia
  • 2 suckers - help in attachment
  • parasites
  • fasciola hepatica
36
Q

flukes example

A
  • fasciola hepatika
    = motolice jaterní
    = sheep liver fluke
37
Q

Tapeworms

A
  • endoparasites
  • food by diffusion
  • 4 suckers + hooks
  • no digestive system
  • divided to segments called proglottids, which contain eggs
  • if gets to NS, can cause epileptic seizure
  • taenia
38
Q

tapeworms example

A

Taenia
- beef, pork, fish tapeworm
- abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, loss of appetite
- parts of worm or eggs in the stool of infected person - up to 20 meters

39
Q

roundworms basic info

A
  • mostly parasitic
  • aquatic environment or soil
  • bilateral symmetry
  • mouth and anus - complete DS
  • no RS and CS
  • ladder-like NS
  • present tough outer cuticle
  • pseudocoelomates
  • sexual reproduction
40
Q

roundworms examples

A
  • pinworm - roup dětský
  • ascaris - škrkavka
  • wuchereria - vlasovec mízní
41
Q

Pinworm

A
  • roup dětský
  • lives in intestines -> eggs around the anus -> cause itching -> scratching -> eggs get under the nails -> children touch everything -> others get infected
42
Q

Ascaris

A

= škrkavka
- infection through water or food contaminated with fecal matter with eggs in it
- cause inflammation, fever, diarrhea
- tropical countries with poor hygiene

43
Q

Wucheria

A

= vlasovec mízní
- spread by mosquito
- tropical, sub-tropical areas
- can result in elephantiasis = gross expansion of the body

44
Q

Annelida basic info

A
  • segmented worms - each segment contain nerves, organs and muscles
  • aquatic environment, soil
  • coelomates
  • closed CS
  • ladder-like NS
45
Q

annelida locomotion

A
  • hydrostatic skeleton (filled with fluid)
  • muscles
  • bristles as anchors
46
Q

bristles tr

A

štětinky

47
Q

annelida digestion system

A
  • mouth, pharynx
  • two types of stomach - crop(collects food) and gizzard(food is crushed)
  • intestine, anus
48
Q

annelida reproduction

A

hermaphrodite, sexual

49
Q

annelida development

A
  • direct (zygote -> adult)
  • indirect (has larvae stage)
50
Q

annelida classes

A
  1. Polychaeta - ragworms - mnohoštětinatci
  2. Clitellata - Opaskovci
    1) Oligochaeta - earthworms - máloštětinatci
    2) Hirudinea - leeches - pijavice
50
Q

Polychaeta

A
  • marine
  • many bristled - each segment has a pair of parapodia with bristles - locomotion and breathing
  • source of protein
  • indirect development
  • sandworm(nereis), lugworm
51
Q

sandworm(nereis) tr

A

nereidka

52
Q

lugworm tr

A

pískovník rybářský

53
Q

Clitellata

A
  • terrestrial worms
  • have a clitellum - collar, forms a reproductive cocoon after mating
  • no parapodia, only bristles
  • direct development
54
Q

clitellata 2 classes

A

1) Oligochaeta - earthworms
2) Hirudinea - leeches

55
Q

Oligochaeta

A

= earthworms
- lay their eggs in a cocoon in the soil
- can replicate lost segments
- in large numbers after the rain
- beneficial for soil

56
Q

Hirudinea

A

= leeches
- dont have bristles but suckers - connecting to the host cell
- parasites
- blood sucking
- use in medicine - lowering blood tension = hirudo medicinalis

57
Q

Hirudo medicinalis

A

= pijavka lékařská
- contains hirudin - anti-clothing enzyme
- lowering blood tension

58
Q

anti-clothing tr

A

protisrážlivé

Biology (11 decks)

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