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Biology > Reproductive Organs > Flashcards

Reproductive Organs Flashcards

1
Q

All flower parts are

A

Modified leaves

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2
Q

Flower function

A

Development and exchange of sperm(pollen) and eggs(ova)

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3
Q

Types of flowers (sex)

A
  • Perfect bisexual hermaphrodite
  • Imperfect unisexual (male or female)
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4
Q

Types of flowers ()

A
  • monoecious (on 1 plant)
  • dioecious (on 2 plants)
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5
Q

Bisexual

A

Dvoupohlavní

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6
Q

Unisexual

A

Jednopohlavní

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7
Q

Stamen

A

Tyčinka

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8
Q

Pestil

A

Pestík

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9
Q

Monoecious

A

Jednodomá rostlina

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10
Q

Dioecious

A

Dvoudomá rostlina

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11
Q

types of flowers symetry

A
  • zygomorphic - 1 axe
  • actinomorphic - more axis
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12
Q

parts of a flower

A

sepals and petals or perianth

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13
Q

sepals

A

green, surrounds and protect the unopened flower bud = calyx

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14
Q

petals

A

attract pollinators, may be brightly colored, usually large, scented, nectaries at the base = corolla

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15
Q

nectaries

A

produce sugary nectar which attracts insects

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16
Q

perianth

A

only petals, no sepals - nothing green

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17
Q

calyx

A

kalich

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18
Q

sepals tr

A

lístky kališní

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19
Q

corolla

A

koruna

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20
Q

petals

A

lístky korunní

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21
Q

stamen

A
  • the main parts of the flower
  • consisting of the anther held up on the filament
  • anther - produce male sex cells (pollen grains)
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22
Q

anther

A

prašník

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23
Q

pollen grains

A

pylové zrno

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24
Q

filament

A

nitka

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25
Q

pistil

A
  • stigma - the top of the female part of the flower which collects pollen grains
  • style - bears the stigma
  • ovary - produces the female sex cells (ovules)
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26
Q

stigma

A

blizna

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27
Q

style

A

čnělka

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28
Q

ovary

A

semeník

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29
Q

types of flowers

A
  • solitary / simple flower
  • inflorescences flower
  • racemose type
  • cymose type
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30
Q

raceme

A

hrozen

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31
Q

compound raceme

A

složený hrozen

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32
Q

spike

A

klas

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33
Q

catkin

A

jehněda

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34
Q

spandix

A

strboul

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35
Q

umbel

A

okolík

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36
Q

compound umbel

A

složený okolík

37
Q

corymb

38
Q

head

39
Q

capitulum

40
Q

racemose type

A

hroznovitá

41
Q

cymose type

A

okoličnaté

42
Q

seed and fruit

A
  • after fertilization the petals and sepals fall off flower
  • ovary ripens into a fruit
  • the ovule develops into a seed
43
Q

seed structure

A
  • seed coat (protects embryo, prevents dehydration)
  • embryo - 2n
  • endosperm (food storage) - 3n
44
Q

fruit types

A
  1. fleshy
    - pome (apple)
    - drupe (cherry)
    - berry (tomato)
  2. dry indehiscent
    - samara (ash)
    - achene (sunflower)
    - nut (pecan)
    - grain (corn)
    - schizocarp (geranium)
  3. dry dehiscent
    - legume (pea)
    - capsule (cotton)
    - silicle (shepherds purse)
    - silique (mustard)
    - follicle (milkweed)
  4. compound fruit
    - aggregate fruit (blackberry)
    - multiple fruit (pineapple)
45
Q

pome

46
Q

drupe

47
Q

berry

48
Q

samara

A

dvounažka

49
Q

achene

50
Q

nut

51
Q

grain

52
Q

schizocarp

53
Q

legume

54
Q

capsule

55
Q

silicle

56
Q

silique

57
Q

follicle

A

měchýřek

58
Q

aggregate fruit

A

souplodí - vzniká z květu

59
Q

multiple fruit

A

plodenství = vzniká z květenství

60
Q

monocotyledon

A
  • grasses, lilies, tulips, palm
  • one cotyledon
  • veins usually parallel
  • vascular bundles usually complexly arranged
  • fibrous root system
  • floral parts in 3 or multiples of 3
  • often perianth
61
Q

dicotyledon

A
  • roses, asters grapes, beans, oak, maple
  • two cotyledons
  • veins usually netlike
  • vascular bundles usually arranged in a ring
  • taproot
  • floral parts usually in 4 or multiples of 4
  • usually calyx + corolla
62
Q

perianth

63
Q

plant reproduction =

A

process by which new individual organisms are produced

64
Q

plant reproduction types

A

sexual and asexual

65
Q

asexual reproduction

A

vegetative - process by which new plant individuals are created without production of seeds or spores

66
Q

asexual reprodution special organs and methods

A

cutting, production of tubers, grafting, rhizome, layering

67
Q

cutting

A

usually stems, also roots, leaves - to water or soil

68
Q

production of tubers

A

tubers - potatoes, bulbs - tulips, onions - tulips, runners or stolons - strawberries

69
Q

grafting

A

= roubování
- fruit trees, some other trees

70
Q

rhizome

A

modified stem (lil of the valley)

71
Q

layering

A

= hřízení
- part of an arial stem is encouraged to grow roots while still attached to the parent plant

72
Q

sexual reproduction

A

pollination, fertilization

73
Q

polliation

A

wind, insects or other animals transfer pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another. Flowers vary depending on pollination mechanism = vectors

74
Q

pollination vectors

A

wind, bees, butterflies, birds, moths, flies

75
Q

wind

A

dull, scentless flowers with reduced petals

76
Q

bees, butterflies

A

bright colour, nectaries, scent. They sip nectar, get pollen on coats, transfer pllen from flower to flower

77
Q

birds

A

nectaries, bright colour, tube-like flowers

78
Q

moths

A

white petals, open at night

79
Q

flies

A

rank odor, flesh coloured petals

80
Q

fertilization

A
  • after pollen lands on stigma, a pollen tube grows downt through the style to ovary(contains 2 sperm nuclei)
  • in ovary, there is one egg or ovule nucleus and two polar nuclei
  • double fertiization occurs: one sperm nucleus fertilizes the egg and the other two pollar nuclei
81
Q

result of double fertilization

A
  • the sperm nucleus and egg nucleus join to form a 2n embryo = zygote
  • the other sperm nucleus and the two polar nuclei join to form a 3n endosperm - food supply for the embryo
82
Q

seed dispersal mechanisms

A

= allow plants to colonize new areas and avoid shade of parent plant
= wind dispersal, animal dispersal, gravity dispersal, water dispersal

83
Q

wind dispersal

A

flight mechanisms like parachutes, wings etc. eg. dandelion, mapes, birch

84
Q

animal dispersal

A

fleshy fruits which animals eat, drop undigested seeds in faces or burres which stick to animals coats. eg. mistletoe

85
Q

gravity dispersal

A

heavy nuts fall to the ground and roll

86
Q

water dispersal

A

plants near water create floating fruits. eg. coconuts

87
Q

parts of the embryo

A

epicol - grows into the leaves of the plant
hypocotol - becomes the stem
radicle - becomes the root

88
Q

monocot

A
  • grow straight up with coleoptile sheath covering shoot
  • one embryonic leaf
  • seed remains underground
89
Q

dicot

A
  • curved stem comes up out of soil
  • seed goes above soil
  • two embryonic leaves

Biology (12 decks)

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