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Biology > Arthropods > Flashcards

Arthropods Flashcards

1
Q

arthropods tr

A

členovci

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2
Q

arthropods basic info

A
  • the most common animals on earth
  • more than 80% are insects
  • habitat - water, terrestrial, aerial, parasitic
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3
Q

the largest arthropod

A

Japanese spider crab
- 3,5 m long

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4
Q

Anthropods main features

A
  • exoskeleton
  • cuticle(moulting)
  • a lot of segments or 3 parts
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5
Q

Ecdysis

A

Cuticle made of chitin is shed and new one is produced

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6
Q

Anthropods segmentation

A
  1. Head
    - joined mouthparts for ingestion of food - mandibles, maxillae, labrum, labium + well developed sense organs = eyes, antennae
    2.Thorax
    - jointed legs/limbs for feeding and locomotion
  2. Abdomen
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7
Q

Arthropods nervous system

A

Ladder-like
- 2 large ganglia, eyes, sensitive cilia

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8
Q

Arthropods circulatory system

A

Open
Main function: transport nutrients, remove wastes

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9
Q

Arthropods digestive system

A

Mouth cavity with joined mouthparts (adapted to biting, chewing sucking, releasing enzymes); gut digestive glands with enzymes

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10
Q

Arthropods respiratory structures

A

1) gills
2) tracheal tubes
3) book lungs

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11
Q

Arthropods senses

A

1) vision - compound eyes
2) hearing - tympanum
3) olfaction - chemical communication - pheromones

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12
Q

Cephalothorax

A
  • spiders
  • chest is connected with thorax
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13
Q

Arthropods blood

A

Hemolymph instead of blood - contains copper - green color

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14
Q

Mandibles tr

A

Kusadla

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15
Q

Maxillae

A

Čelisti

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16
Q

Labrum tr

A

Horní pysk

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17
Q

Labium tr

A

Dolní pysk

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18
Q

Compound eyes tr

A

Složené oči

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19
Q

Facets tr

A

Čočky

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20
Q

Arthropods benefits

A
  • food chain
  • pollination
  • human food
  • scavengers and decomposers
  • aesthetic
  • silk
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21
Q

Silkworm tr

A

Bourec morušový

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22
Q

Burying beetle tr

A

Hrobař

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23
Q

Líce tr

A

Vši

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24
Q

Arthropods harms

A
  • harming people and their pets - tickets, mites, lice, fleas
  • painful bites or stings
  • vectors of disease - malaria, trypanosoma
  • Destroy wooden structures - termites, woodworms
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25
Q

Arthropods subphyla

A

1) Uniramia
2) Chelicerata
3) Crustacea
4) Trilobita

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26
Q

tympanum tr

A

ušní bibínek

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27
Q

Triolobbites basic info

A
  • are extinct
  • common during paleozoic
  • marine
  • moulting
  • bilateral symmetry
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28
Q

Triolobites body structure

A

segmented:
- head, thorax, pygidium
3 lobes:
- pleural, central, pleural

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29
Q

ecdysis description

A
  1. The facial sutures split, opening the cephalon(head)
  2. This provides an exit for the moulting trilobite from its old exoskeleton
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30
Q

Chelicerata tr

A

klepítkatci

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31
Q

Chelicerata basic info

A
  • dont have antenna
  • cephalothorax - head and thorax are connected by stalk
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32
Q

Chelicerata legs

A

1st pair - mouthpart - chelicarae (poison gland)
2nd pair - pedipalpes - sensing, holding pray
4 pairs of walking legs

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33
Q

stalk tr

A

stopka

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34
Q

chelicerae tr

A

klepítka

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35
Q

pedipalpes tr

A

makadla

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36
Q

walking legs tr

A

kráčivé nohy

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37
Q

Chelicerata classes

A
  1. Merostomata
  2. Arachnids
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38
Q

Merostomata

A
  • only horseshoe crab left
  • head and abdomen are covered by shields
  • 5 pairs of walking legs
  • breathe by gills
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39
Q

Merostomata

A
  • only horseshoe crab left
  • head and abdomen are covered by shields
  • 5 pairs of walking legs
  • breathe by gills
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40
Q

Merostomata tr

A

hrotnatci

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41
Q

Horseshoe crab tr

A

ostrorep

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42
Q

arachnids tr

A

pavoukovci

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43
Q

Arachnids

A
  • terrestrial species
  • book lungs
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44
Q

Arachnids orders

A
  1. Scorpions
  2. Pseudoscorpions
  3. Opiliones
  4. Acarina
  5. Araneae
  6. Solifugae
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45
Q

Order scorpions

A
  • elongated abdomen with a poisonous gland
  • chelicerae, pedipalpes, 4 pairs of walking legs
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46
Q

Order Pseudoscorpions

A
  • short abdomen
  • long pedipalpes with poison
  • hide under bark, stones
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47
Q

Pseudoscorpions tr

A

Štírci

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48
Q

order Opiliones

A
  • long and thin legs
  • undistinguishable pedipales
  • cephalothorax fuses with abdomen
  • autotomy
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49
Q

autotomy meaning

A

intentionally getting rid of a leg and regrowring it

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50
Q

opiliones example

A

daddy longlegs

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51
Q

opiliones tr

A

sekáči

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52
Q

order Acarina

A
  • mites
  • short head
  • thorax fused with abdomen
  • mainly parasitic
53
Q

mites tr

54
Q

acarina examples

A
  • tick - carries viruses (encephalitis) and bacteria (lime disease)
  • sarcoptes scabiei - zákožka svrabová - causes infection transmitted by intimate contact, sheets - intensive itching
55
Q

order araneae

A
  • 8 simple eyes
  • extracellular digestion
  • spinnerets - gland producing webs
  • reproductive behavior - engagement dances
  • sex dimorphism
  • active predators
56
Q

extracellular digestion

A
  • mimotělní trávení
  • drinking all the juices from the pray
57
Q

spinnerets tr

A

snovací žlázy

58
Q

water spider tr

A

vodouch stříbrný

59
Q

araneae tr

60
Q

araneae examples

A
  • tarantula
  • wolf spider - slíďák
  • garden spider - křižák
  • wasp spider - křižák nadherný
61
Q

the biggest spider in central europe

A

Moravian ladybird spider - stepník moravský

62
Q

the most dangerous czech spider

A

yellow sac spider - zápřednice jedovatá

63
Q

order Solifugae

A

= camel spiders
- deserts, semideserts
- aggressive hunters

64
Q

Crustacea

A
  • mainly aquatic
  • motile, some are parasitic
65
Q

Crustacea tr

66
Q

Crustacea body structure

A
  • chitinous exoskeleton - carapace
  • cephalothorax + abdomen
  • two pairs of antennae
  • 1st pair of legs - chelipeds with claws
  • last pair - swimmerets (reproduction, swimming)
  • pair of compound eyes, 3 pairs of mouthparts
67
Q

crustacea respiration

A

gills or entire body surface respiration

68
Q

crustacea reproduction

A

separate sexes with indirect development

69
Q

carapace tr

70
Q

Crustacea classes

A
  • Phyllopoda
  • Copepoda
  • Branchiura
  • Malacostraca
71
Q

Phyllopoda tr

A

Lupenonožci

72
Q

Copepoda tr

73
Q

Branchiura tr

74
Q

Malacostraca tr

75
Q

Phyllopoda orders

A
  • Anostraca
  • Notostraca
  • Cladocera
76
Q

Anostraca example

A

žábronožka letní
- no carapace

77
Q

Notostraca example

A

listonoh jarní, letní
- carapace

78
Q

Cladocera example

A

Daphnia
- hrotnatka obecná
- used for feeding fish

79
Q

Cladocera tr

A

perloočky

80
Q

Copepoda info

A

zooplanktonic

81
Q

Branchiura example

A

kapřivec kapří
- ectoparasite = eat skin and blood

82
Q

Malacostraca orders

A
  • Amphipoda
  • Isopoda
  • Decapoda
83
Q

Amphipoda tr

A

Různonožci

84
Q

Isopoda tr

A

Stejnonožci

85
Q

Decapoda tr

A

Desetinožci

86
Q

Amphipoda examples

A

Blešivec potoční
- no carapace, aquatic

87
Q

Isopoda examples

A
  • Slater = stínka obecná
  • Woodlouse = svinka obecná
  • no carapace
  • aquatic, terrestrial
  • some parasitic
88
Q

Decapoda examples

A
  • robust carapace
  • crayfish, lobster, shrimp, crab
89
Q

Tracheata(Uniramia) classes

A
  1. Chilipoda - centipedes
  2. Diplopoda - millipedes
  3. Collembola - springtails
  4. Insecta
90
Q

Uniramia two types of bodies

A
  1. Many segments, each bears pairs of legs
    - centipedes, millipedes
  2. A head, thorax, abdomen, three pairs of legs
    - springtails
    - insecta
91
Q

Uniramia basic info

A
  • one pair of antennae, mandibles, maxillae
  • gas exchange through tracheae
  • no digestive glands
  • excretion by malphigian tube
92
Q

mandibles tr

93
Q

maxillae tr

94
Q

tracheae

A

network of tubes carrying air to smaller ones

95
Q

malphigian tubes

A

large numbers of small tubes that float in blood

96
Q

Centipedes

A
  • fast, venomous, predators
  • flattened body, long antennae
97
Q

venomous meaning

A

can produce toxic substance

98
Q

millipedes

A
  • between 80-400 legs
  • herbivores
99
Q

springtails

A
  • 3 pair of legs, adapted for jumping
100
Q

centipedes tr

101
Q

millipedes tr

A

mnohonožky

102
Q

springtails tr

103
Q

Insecta

A
  • flexible endoskeleton covered by a waxy layer
  • muscles, jointed limbs, wings, tracheal system
  • great number of offspring
  • well-developed sense organs, instinctive behavior
104
Q

Insects sense organs

A
  • compound or simple eyes
  • sensitive cilia
  • Johnston`s organ - detection sound waves
  • tympanal organs
  • other for ultrasound, magnetic field, humidity of air
105
Q

Behavior of insects

A
  1. Sound communication
  2. Optical communication
  3. Chemical communication
106
Q

Sound communication

A
  • buzzing - vibration of their wings
  • chirping - stridulation - rubbing a leg against a wig, antenna
107
Q

Optical communication

A
  • dances of honeybees when they find food
  • phosphorescence in fireflies
  • mimicry - protective coloring
108
Q

Chemical communication

A
  • detecting and producing odors
  • pheromones
  • when in danger, can secrete a substance to warn others
109
Q

Negative impact of insects

A
  • transmit diseases
  • damage structures
  • destroy plants
110
Q

Positive impact of insects

A
  • pollination
  • produce honey, wax, silk
  • treat wounds(maggot therapy)
111
Q

Insects classification

A
  1. According to wings
    - Pterygota
    - Apterygota
  2. According to development
    - incomplete
    - complete
112
Q

Pterygota

A

presence of wings

113
Q

Apterygota

A

absence of wings

114
Q

incomplete development

A

nymphs are similar in form to the adults

115
Q

complete development

A

caterpillar becomes a pupa, then an adult

116
Q

insects reproduction

A

gonochoric, sometimes parthenogenesis

117
Q

May fly

118
Q

Earwig

119
Q

Dragonfly

120
Q

Cockroach

121
Q

Termite

122
Q

Praying mantis

123
Q

Locust

A

Sarančata

124
Q

Grasshopper

125
Q

Lice

126
Q

Bug

127
Q

Plant louce

128
Q

Diptera

A

Dvoukřídlí

129
Q

Brachycera

A

Krátkorozí

Biology (12 decks)

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