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Biology > Kingdom Plantae > Flashcards

Kingdom Plantae Flashcards

1
Q

key features of plants

A
  • eukaryotes
  • multicellular
  • carry out photosynthesis
  • alternating haploid and diploid generations
  • sexual and asexual reproduction
  • plant bodies resist gravity and drying
  • plant embryos are protected and may spread without water
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2
Q

plant classification

A

land plants - nonvascular/vascular - spore/seed bearing - gymnosperms/angiosperms - monocots/dicots

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3
Q

land plants are divided into

A

vascular and nonvascular plants

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4
Q

nonvascular plants examples

A

mosses

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5
Q

vascular plants are divided into

A

spore bearing plants and seed bearing plants

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6
Q

spore bearing plants example

A

ferns

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7
Q

seed bearing plants are divided into

A

gymnosperms and angiosperms

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8
Q

gymnosperms example

A

conifers, ginkgos

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9
Q

angiosperms are

A

flowering plants

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10
Q

angiosperms are divided into

A

monocots and dicots

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11
Q

monocots characteristics

A

parallel veins, flowers in multiples of 3

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12
Q

monocots examples

A

grasses, tulips

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13
Q

dicots characteristics

A

netlike veins, flowers in multiples of 4 or 5

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14
Q

dicots examples

A

most trees, shrubs

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15
Q

nonvascular plants translation

A

bezcévné (nižší) rostliny

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16
Q

vascular plants translation

A

cévnaté rostliny

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17
Q

moss translation

A

mech

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18
Q

spore bearing translation

A

výtrusné

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19
Q

seed bearing translation

A

semenné

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20
Q

gymnosperms translation

A

nahosemenné

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21
Q

angiosperms translation

A

krytosemenné

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22
Q

monocots translation

A

jednoděložné

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23
Q

dicots translation

A

dvouděložné

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24
Q

ferns translation

A

kapradina

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25
Q

shrubs translation

A

keř

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26
Q

conifers translation

A

jehličnan

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27
Q

ginkos translation

A

jinan

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28
Q

plants reproduction

A
  • alternating generations
    • diploid (2n, sporophyte - creates spores or seeds)
    • haploid (n, gametophyte - produces gametes)
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29
Q

adaptation of vascular plants

A

vessels, lignin

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30
Q

vessels

A

transport water and minerals upwards from the roots and products of photosynthesis to the rest of the plant

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31
Q

lignin

A

a rigid polymer that allows plants to grow tall and strong

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32
Q

vessels translation

A

céva

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33
Q

importance of plants

A

food, medicine, industrial products, air quality, water quality, erosion control, local climate, aesthetics

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34
Q

importance of plants food

A

fruits, vegetables

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35
Q

importance of plants medicine

A

aloe, cannabis, lavender

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36
Q

importance of plants industrial products

A

cotton, hemp

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37
Q

importance of plants air quality

A

bamboo, trees

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38
Q

importance of plants water quality

A

iris, lilies, seaweed

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39
Q

importance of plants erosion control

A

roots of plants

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40
Q

importance of plants local climate

A

oak, maple, pine

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41
Q

importance of plants aesthetics

A

flowers

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42
Q

invasive species to CR

A
  • giant hogweed
  • Japanese knotweed
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43
Q

giant hogweed

A
  • bolševník velkolepý
  • perennial, 4m high, toxic
44
Q

perennial

45
Q

Japanese knotweed

A
  • křídlatka japonská
  • perennial
46
Q

Bryophyta, mosses

A
  • lack true roots, stems and leaves
  • have root-like structures called rhizoids
  • no vascular tissues - rely on conducting tissues
  • low growing
  • no lignin
47
Q

rhizoids

A
  • root-like structures in mosses
  • anchor the plants and bring the water and nutrients in
48
Q

conduction

49
Q

bryophyte structure

A

capsule, seta, stem and leaves, rhizoids

50
Q

capsule translation

51
Q

seta translation

52
Q

bryophyte life cycle

A
  • spore produces protonema
  • gametophyte with sex organs on the tip of stems (female - archegonia, male - antheridia)
  • fertilization
  • sporophyte with spore
53
Q

bryophyte classification

A
  • 1st class - liverworts
  • 2nd class - mosses
54
Q

protonema translation

A

prvoklíček

55
Q

liverwort translation

55
Q

Mosses

A
  • grow close together in damp or shady locations
56
Q

mosses function

A
  • pioneer plants
  • reduction of erosion
  • absorption of water
  • bioindicators of pollution and environmental degradations
57
Q

pioneer plants

A

first to colonize land

58
Q

Liverworts

A
  • widely distributed, occurring from the arctic to the tropics
    -dominant generation - gametophyte
  • 2 types
59
Q

liverworts types

A
  • thallose liverwort - branching, ribbonlike gametophytes
  • leafy liverworts
60
Q

Pteridophyte (spore bearing plants)

A
  • seedless vascular plants
  • 3 classes
61
Q

pteridophyte classes

A
  • Lycopodiopsida (lycopods)
  • Equisetopsida (horsetails)
  • Polypodiopsida (ferns)
62
Q

Lycopodiopsida translation

63
Q

Equisetopsida translation

A

přesličky

64
Q

Polypodiopsida translation

65
Q

Pteridophyte main features

A
  • typical high plant body structure
  • xylem and phloem
  • wavy cuticle
  • do not form flowers or seeds
  • dominant generation - sporophyte
66
Q

pteridophyte first class

A

Lycopodiopsida

67
Q

Lycopodiopsida

A
  • lycopods
  • smaller, their leaves are similar to mosses
  • 2 types
68
Q

Lycopods types

A
  • Lycopodium
  • Selaginella
69
Q

Lycopodium

A

= club mosses
= plavuň
- approximately 200 species
- commonly covering the forest floor

70
Q

Selaginella

A

= vraneček
- about 700 species

71
Q

Pteridophyta 2nd class

A

Equisetopsida = horsetails
- besides ponds, marshy places, woods
- small leaves growing in whorls
- hollow stem

72
Q

whorl

73
Q

hollow

74
Q

horsetails

A

only 15 species remain and most are less than 1 meter tall

75
Q

pteridophyte 3rd class

A

Polypodiopsida = ferns

76
Q

Polypodiopsida

A

= ferns
- habitat: moorland, woodland, swamps, walls
- leaves are called fronds
- most diverse of seedless vascular plants
- still live in tropic and temperate zones

77
Q

fiddlehead

A

young curved leaf of a fern

78
Q

ferns examples

A

asplenium, dryopteris, bird’s nest fern, tree fern, common polypody

79
Q

asplenium

80
Q

dryopteris

A

kapraď samec

81
Q

bird’s nest fern

A

sleziník hnězdovitý

82
Q

tree fern

A

stromová kapradina

83
Q

common polypody

A

osladič obecný

84
Q

Spermatophytes (seed bearing plants)

A
  • most developed higher plants
  • sporophyte - dominant generation
  • independent of water in fertilization
  • form seeds and pollen
85
Q

pollen

A

tiny structures that carry sperm producing cells, dispersed by wind or animal pollinators

86
Q

seeds

A

consists of:
1. the early plant
2. supply of food
3. protective coat
function: keeps the embryo in the state of dormancy, supplies energy

87
Q

Classification of spermatophytes

A
  • Gymnosperms (lack flowers)
    1. Cycagopsida - the cycads
    2. Ginkopsida
    3. Pinopsida - the conifers
  • Angiosperms (= magnoliophyta)
    4. Magnoliopsida - flowering plants
88
Q

cycads translation

89
Q

ginkgos translation

90
Q

conifers translation

A

jehličnany

91
Q

Gymnosperms

A
  • evolved before the flowering plants
  • conifers, ginkgos, cycads
92
Q

Cycadopsida

A
  • ancient group of seed plants
  • most survive in tropical or subtropical environment
  • similar to ferns
  • is grown as a houseplant
93
Q

Ginkopsida

A
  • represented by a single species: gingko biloba
  • long living tree
  • fan-shaped leaves
  • urban and shade trees
  • medical uses
94
Q

Pinopsida

A

= conifers
- woody plants
- needle-like leaves
- paper, resin, timber
- mostly evergreen

95
Q

deciduous

A

leaves are falling

96
Q

conifers adaptation to dry, cold conditions

A
  • retaining green leaves throughout the year allows them to grow while others are dormant
  • needles covered with thick cuticle - minimizes evaporation
  • produce an antifreeze in sap (piney smell)
97
Q

conifers life cycle

A

male cone releases pollen - wind carries to the female cone - fertilization - embryo - development of a seed - mature seed drops out of the cone - germination - mature plant - production of cones

98
Q

conifers examples

A

fir, pine, larch, spruce, cypress, yew-tree

99
Q

fir

100
Q

pine

A

= borovice
- leaves grow all around in groups

101
Q

larch

A

= modřín

102
Q

spruce

A

= smrk
-leaves grow separately

103
Q

cypress

A

= cypřiš

104
Q

yew- tree

A

= tis
- poisonous

Biology (12 decks)

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