Vasodilators

Question 1

Nerve stimulation, endothelilal signaling, and SMC stretch control

Answer 1

SMC tone

Question 2

PRotects distal capillary beds from high pressure

Answer 2

SMC stretch

Question 3

Used in the treatment of HTN and angina

-Bind L-type Ca2+ channels

Answer 3

Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs)

Question 4

The CCBs that control vascular tone are primarily

Answer 4

Arterial Vasodilators

Question 5

Have negative chronotropic and inotropic effects on the heart and promote relaxation

Answer 5

CCBs

Question 6

What are the three classes of CCBs?

Answer 6

Dihydropyridines, phenylalkylamines, and benzothiazepines

Question 7

Have a preference for inactivated Ca2+ channels

Answer 7

Dihydropyridines

Question 8

VSMC have a higher RMP (-70) when compared to cardiomyocytes (-90). This more Ca2+ chanels are inactivated and will bind DHP at

Answer 8

Lower doses

Question 9

Have a preference for open Ca2+ channels

Answer 9

Non-dihydropyridines

Question 10

Dihydropyridines act on

Answer 10

VSMC

Question 11

Are equipotent for cardiac tissue and vasculature

Answer 11

Non-dihydropyridines

Question 12

Verapamil and Diltiazem have negative effects on

Answer 12

HR and contractility

Question 13

Nifedipine and amlodipine act as

Answer 13

Arterial vasodilators

Question 14

Have a rapid onsent of action and short half-life, which can cause a precipitous drop in BP

Answer 14

CCBs

Question 15

Initial monotherapy for patients w/ hypertension

Answer 15

CCBs (dihydropyridines)

Question 16

Which CCB is used for hypertensive emergency?

Answer 16

Clevidipine

Question 17

Which CCB do we use to trat ventricular tachyarrhythmias

Answer 17

Verapamil

Question 18

Can cause headaches, dizziness, light-headedness, and flushing

Answer 18

Vasodilation

Question 19

CCBs are contraindicated in

Answer 19

AV-block or WPW + Afib

Question 20

One of the oldest cardiac therapies

-used for stable and unstable angina

Answer 20

Nitric Oxide Donors (NODs)

Question 21

Acts on veins

-Has less arterial effects

Answer 21

NOD

Question 22

Results in increased venous capitance and decreased LVEDV and LVEDP

Answer 22

NOD

Question 23

Which NOD is the exception in that it acts on arteries more than veins?

Answer 23

Sodium nitroprusside

Question 24

Mild arterial vasodilation also occurs w/ NODs, this can minimizes

Answer 24

Coronary Steal

Question 25

Do not cause coronary steal syndrome

Answer 25

Nitrates

Question 26

Decreae preload and myocardial O2 demand in low doses

Answer 26

Nitrates

Question 27

In HIGH doses, nitrates decrease

Answer 27

Afterload and myocardial O2 demand

Question 28

Also causes smooth muscle dilation of esophagus, intestines, and genitourinary tract and inhibits platelet aggregation

Answer 28

NOD

Question 29

Can be used to treat esophageal spasm

Answer 29

NTG

Question 30

What are the three classes of nitric oxide donors?

Answer 30

Ihaled NO, organic nitrates, and inorganic nitrates

Question 31

Enzymatically reduced to S-nitrosothiols (RSNO) -Confers tissue specificity

Answer 31

Organic Nitrates

Question 32

Redued to NO by tissue enzymes

Answer 32

RSNO

Question 33

Has a rapid onset of action but less bioavailibility

Answer 33

Sublingual NTG

Question 34

Sublingual NTG provides raid relief of

Answer 34

Anginal symptoms

Question 35

has a 100% bioavailability orally and has a long half-life

Answer 35

Isosorbide mononitrate

Question 36

The number one adverse effect of organic nitrates is

Answer 36

Headache

Question 37

Directly reduced by oxyhemoglobinto NOplus cyanide

Answer 37

Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP)

Question 38

Causes both arteriolar AND venous dilation

Answer 38

SNP

Question 39

Very rapid onset and short duration of action Requires continuous infusion and BP monitoring

Answer 39

SNP

Question 40

SNP is effective for

Answer 40

Hypertensive emergency

Question 41

Can cause cyandide toxicity and thiocyanate toxicity w/ renal insufficiency

Answer 41

SNP

Question 42

We can treat cyanide toxicity w/

Answer 42

Sodium thiosulfate

Question 43

Causes disorientation and confusion w/ muscle spasms

Answer 43

Thiocyantate toxicity w/ renal insufficiency

Question 44

Hypotension, increased ICP, and diastolic HF are contraindication to

Answer 44

NODs

Question 45

What is a major contraindication to NODs?

Answer 45

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors

Question 46

Direct-acting arterial vasodilator -NOT a first line drug for hypertension

Answer 46

Hydralazine

Question 47

Used with isosorbidedinitratefor the treatment of heart failure

Answer 47

Hydralazine

Question 48

Phosphodiesterase type 5 is a potentiator of

Answer 48

NO signaling

Question 49

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors are used for

Answer 49

Erectile Dysfunction

Question 50

When phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors are used w/ NO donors, we can see

Answer 50

SEVERE refractory hypotension

Question 51

Peripheral dopamine-1 receptor agonist

Answer 51

Fenoldopam

Question 52

Arteriolar vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies

Answer 52

Fenoldopam

Question 53

Use w/ caution in glaucoma b/c it can cause increased ICP

Answer 53

Fenoldopam