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Cardiology > Vasodilators > Flashcards

Vasodilators Flashcards

1
Q

Nerve stimulation, endothelilal signaling, and SMC stretch control

A

SMC tone

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2
Q

PRotects distal capillary beds from high pressure

A

SMC stretch

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3
Q

Used in the treatment of HTN and angina

-Bind L-type Ca2+ channels

A

Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs)

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4
Q

The CCBs that control vascular tone are primarily

A

Arterial Vasodilators

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5
Q

Have negative chronotropic and inotropic effects on the heart and promote relaxation

A

CCBs

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6
Q

What are the three classes of CCBs?

A

Dihydropyridines, phenylalkylamines, and benzothiazepines

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7
Q

Have a preference for inactivated Ca2+ channels

A

Dihydropyridines

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8
Q

VSMC have a higher RMP (-70) when compared to cardiomyocytes (-90). This more Ca2+ chanels are inactivated and will bind DHP at

A

Lower doses

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9
Q

Have a preference for open Ca2+ channels

A

Non-dihydropyridines

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10
Q

Dihydropyridines act on

A

VSMC

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11
Q

Are equipotent for cardiac tissue and vasculature

A

Non-dihydropyridines

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12
Q

Verapamil and Diltiazem have negative effects on

A

HR and contractility

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13
Q

Nifedipine and amlodipine act as

A

Arterial vasodilators

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14
Q

Have a rapid onsent of action and short half-life, which can cause a precipitous drop in BP

A

CCBs

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15
Q

Initial monotherapy for patients w/ hypertension

A

CCBs (dihydropyridines)

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16
Q

Which CCB is used for hypertensive emergency?

A

Clevidipine

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17
Q

Which CCB do we use to trat ventricular tachyarrhythmias

A

Verapamil

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18
Q

Can cause headaches, dizziness, light-headedness, and flushing

A

Vasodilation

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19
Q

CCBs are contraindicated in

A

AV-block or WPW + Afib

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20
Q

One of the oldest cardiac therapies

-used for stable and unstable angina

A

Nitric Oxide Donors (NODs)

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21
Q

Acts on veins

-Has less arterial effects

A

NOD

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22
Q

Results in increased venous capitance and decreased LVEDV and LVEDP

A

NOD

23
Q

Which NOD is the exception in that it acts on arteries more than veins?

A

Sodium nitroprusside

24
Q

Mild arterial vasodilation also occurs w/ NODs, this can minimizes

A

Coronary Steal

25
Q

Do not cause coronary steal syndrome

A

Nitrates

26
Q

Decreae preload and myocardial O2 demand in low doses

A

Nitrates

27
Q

In HIGH doses, nitrates decrease

A

Afterload and myocardial O2 demand

28
Q

Also causes smooth muscle dilation of esophagus, intestines, and genitourinary tract and inhibits platelet aggregation

A

NOD

29
Q

Can be used to treat esophageal spasm

A

NTG

30
Q

What are the three classes of nitric oxide donors?

A

Ihaled NO, organic nitrates, and inorganic nitrates

31
Q

Enzymatically reduced to S-nitrosothiols (RSNO)

-Confers tissue specificity

A

Organic Nitrates

32
Q

Redued to NO by tissue enzymes

A

RSNO

33
Q

Has a rapid onset of action but less bioavailibility

A

Sublingual NTG

34
Q

Sublingual NTG provides raid relief of

A

Anginal symptoms

35
Q

has a 100% bioavailability orally and has a long half-life

A

Isosorbide mononitrate

36
Q

The number one adverse effect of organic nitrates is

A

Headache

37
Q

Directly reduced by oxyhemoglobinto NOplus cyanide

A

Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP)

38
Q

Causes both arteriolar AND venous dilation

A

SNP

39
Q

Very rapid onset and short duration of action Requires continuous infusion and BP monitoring

A

SNP

40
Q

SNP is effective for

A

Hypertensive emergency

41
Q

Can cause cyandide toxicity and thiocyanate toxicity w/ renal insufficiency

A

SNP

42
Q

We can treat cyanide toxicity w/

A

Sodium thiosulfate

43
Q

Causes disorientation and confusion w/ muscle spasms

A

Thiocyantate toxicity w/ renal insufficiency

44
Q

Hypotension, increased ICP, and diastolic HF are contraindication to

A

NODs

45
Q

What is a major contraindication to NODs?

A

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors

46
Q

Direct-acting arterial vasodilator

-NOT a first line drug for hypertension

A

Hydralazine

47
Q

Used with isosorbidedinitratefor the treatment of heart failure

A

Hydralazine

48
Q

Phosphodiesterase type 5 is a potentiator of

A

NO signaling

49
Q

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors are used for

A

Erectile Dysfunction

50
Q

When phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors are used w/ NO donors, we can see

A

SEVERE refractory hypotension

51
Q

Peripheral dopamine-1 receptor agonist

A

Fenoldopam

52
Q

Arteriolar vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies

A

Fenoldopam

53
Q

Use w/ caution in glaucoma b/c it can cause increased ICP

A

Fenoldopam

Cardiology (27 decks)

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