The Cardiac Cycle Flashcards
A protein that negatively regulates SERCA, increasing he uptake and storage of Ca2+ in the SR
Phospholambin
Depicts changes in the left side of the heart (LA pressure, LV pressure and volume, Aortic pressure)
Wiggers diagram
Correlates to the pressure-volume loop
Wiggers diagram
Events associated with ventricular contraction and ejection
Systole
Everything else, including ventricular relaxation and filling
Diastole
Preceded by the P wave on the ECG
-End of Diastole
Atrial Systole
Creates a rise in pressure in the atria which is recorded as an “a wave”
-Assists ventricular filling
Atrial Contraction
During atrial systole, the
- ) Semilunar valves are?
- ) Ave valves are?
- ) Closed
2. ) Open
The end of atrial systole marks the end of
Ventricular diastole
At this point, the ventricles are filled to their
EDV
Can be heard during the end of atrial systole
S4 heart sound (non-compliant ventricle)
Associated with a stiff or non-compliant ventricle
4th heart sound
Marks the beginning of systole
-Coincides with peak of R wave
Isovolumetric contraction
Myocyte contraction leads to an abrupt increase in intraventricular pressure during
Isovolumetric contraction
When the ventricular pressure exceeds the atrial pressure, the
AV valves close (1st heart sound; S1)
All valves are closed during
Isovolumetric contraction
IV pressures rise rapidly with no change in volume during
Isovolumetric contraction
No heart sounds are herd during
Rapid and reduced ejection
During rapid and reduced ejection, the pressure maps look exactly the same for the right and left side of the heart, but
The left side is at much higher pressure
During this period, the ventricles repolarize
-T wave is evident on ECG
Rapid and reduced ejection
The end of the reduced ejection phase marks the end of
Systole
Semilunar valves close resulting in the 2nd heart sound (S2) during
Isovolumetric relaxation
S2 marks the beginning of
Diastole
Valve closure during isovolumetric relaxation causes a characteristic notch in the pressure tracing called the
INCISURA
All valves are also closed during
Isovolumetric relaxation
The beginning of isovolumetric relaxation correlates with the end of the
T wave
As the RV and LV pressures fall below atrial pressures, the AV valves open and we see
Rapid filling
During rapid filling once AV valves open, ventricles fill with blood from the atria. LV pressure remains low as
Compliance is high
In adults, there are no heart sounds during
Diastole
May occur during ventricular filling and is normal in children but pathological in adults
Third heart sound (S3)
In adults, S3 may occur with
Ventricular dilation
AV valves remain open, semilunar valves are closed, and passive ventricular filling is nearly complete
Reduced filling (phase 7)
Ventricles are full and less compliant, and their pressure rises during
Reduced filling
