The Cardiac Cycle

Question 1

A protein that negatively regulates SERCA, increasing he uptake and storage of Ca2+ in the SR

Answer 1

Phospholambin

Question 2

Depicts changes in the left side of the heart (LA pressure, LV pressure and volume, Aortic pressure)

Answer 2

Wiggers diagram

Question 3

Correlates to the pressure-volume loop

Answer 3

Wiggers diagram

Question 4

Events associated with ventricular contraction and ejection

Answer 4

Systole

Question 5

Everything else, including ventricular relaxation and filling

Answer 5

Diastole

Question 6

Preceded by the P wave on the ECG

-End of Diastole

Answer 6

Atrial Systole

Question 7

Creates a rise in pressure in the atria which is recorded as an “a wave”

-Assists ventricular filling

Answer 7

Atrial Contraction

Question 8

During atrial systole, the

1. ) Semilunar valves are?
2. ) Ave valves are?

Answer 8

1. ) Closed

2. ) Open

Question 9

The end of atrial systole marks the end of

Answer 9

Ventricular diastole

Question 10

At this point, the ventricles are filled to their

Answer 10

EDV

Question 11

Can be heard during the end of atrial systole

Answer 11

S4 heart sound (non-compliant ventricle)

Question 12

Associated with a stiff or non-compliant ventricle

Answer 12

4th heart sound

Question 13

Marks the beginning of systole

-Coincides with peak of R wave

Answer 13

Isovolumetric contraction

Question 14

Myocyte contraction leads to an abrupt increase in intraventricular pressure during

Answer 14

Isovolumetric contraction

Question 15

When the ventricular pressure exceeds the atrial pressure, the

Answer 15

AV valves close (1st heart sound; S1)

Question 16

All valves are closed during

Answer 16

Isovolumetric contraction

Question 17

IV pressures rise rapidly with no change in volume during

Answer 17

Isovolumetric contraction

Question 18

No heart sounds are herd during

Answer 18

Rapid and reduced ejection

Question 19

During rapid and reduced ejection, the pressure maps look exactly the same for the right and left side of the heart, but

Answer 19

The left side is at much higher pressure

Question 20

During this period, the ventricles repolarize

-T wave is evident on ECG

Answer 20

Rapid and reduced ejection

Question 21

The end of the reduced ejection phase marks the end of

Answer 21

Systole

Question 22

Semilunar valves close resulting in the 2nd heart sound (S2) during

Answer 22

Isovolumetric relaxation

Question 23

S2 marks the beginning of

Answer 23

Diastole

Question 24

Valve closure during isovolumetric relaxation causes a characteristic notch in the pressure tracing called the

Answer 24

INCISURA

Question 25

All valves are also closed during

Answer 25

Isovolumetric relaxation

Question 26

The beginning of isovolumetric relaxation correlates with the end of the

Answer 26

T wave

Question 27

As the RV and LV pressures fall below atrial pressures, the AV valves open and we see

Answer 27

Rapid filling

Question 28

During rapid filling once AV valves open, ventricles fill with blood from the atria. LV pressure remains low as

Answer 28

Compliance is high

Question 29

In adults, there are no heart sounds during

Answer 29

Diastole

Question 30

May occur during ventricular filling and is normal in children but pathological in adults

Answer 30

Third heart sound (S3)

Question 31

In adults, S3 may occur with

Answer 31

Ventricular dilation

Question 32

AV valves remain open, semilunar valves are closed, and passive ventricular filling is nearly complete

Answer 32

Reduced filling (phase 7)

Question 33

Ventricles are full and less compliant, and their pressure rises during

Answer 33

Reduced filling