SNS Review

Question 1

8% of the spinal nerves are composed of

Answer 1

Sympathetic C fibers

Question 2

The pre-ganglionic neurotransmitter of the SNS is

Answer 2

Acetylcholine

Question 3

The post-ganglionic neurotransmitter of the SNS is

-With one exception

Answer 3

Norepinephrine

Question 4

The one exception to NE being the post-ganglionic neurotransmitter in the SNS is seen in

Answer 4

Sweat glands (ACh)

Question 5

The rate limiting step in the synthesis of dopamine occurs in the cytoplasm and is the conversion of

Answer 5

L-tyrosine to L-DOPA

Question 6

The enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-Tyrosine to L-DOPA is

Answer 6

Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH)

Question 7

Blocks vesicular monoamine transport of dopamine to synaptic vesicles

Answer 7

Reserpine

Question 8

Conversion of norepinephrine to epinephrine occurs ONLY in the

Answer 8

Adrenal medulla

Question 9

What enzyme catalyze the conversion of NE to Epi?

Answer 9

PNMT

Question 10

High concentrations of NE in the Vessicle are maintained by

Answer 10

VMAT and NE binding to ATP

Question 11

The action potential then leads to Ca2+ influx and

Answer 11

NE release

Question 12

NE reuptake occurs at the presynaptic terminal by

Answer 12

NE Transporter

Question 13

Inhibit NE reuptake into presynaptic terminal

Answer 13

Cocaine and TCA

Question 14

NE is metabolized to an inactive metabolite by

Answer 14

MAO (mitochondria) and COMT (liver)

Question 15

What are the three main classes of adrenergic receptors?

Answer 15

Alpha-1, alpha-2, and Beta

Question 16

Increase IP3, Dracula glycerol, and calcium channel activity

Answer 16

Alpha-1 agonists

Question 17

Decrease cAMP and calcium channel activity and increase K+ conductance

Answer 17

Alpha-2 agonist

Question 18

Function to increase cAMP

Answer 18

Beta 1,2, and 3 agonists

Question 19

Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors are located on the

Answer 19

Post-Synaptic Membrane

Question 20

Linked to Gq, and increase intracellular calcium

Answer 20

Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors

Question 21

Alpha-1 activation cause which three main things?

Answer 21

Vasoconstriction (increased BP), Urinary retention, and Mydriasis

Question 22

Increase smooth muscle contraction

Answer 22

Alpha-1 agonists

Question 23

Has minimal effects on the heart

Answer 23

Alpha-1 stimulation

Question 24

Causes increased systemic vascular resistance and increased BP

Answer 24

Peripheral vasoconstriction

Question 25

Causes bladder outlet obstruction and increased intraocular pressure

Answer 25

Alpha-1 agonists

Question 26

Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors are located on the

Answer 26

PRE-synaptic membrane

Question 27

Inhibit neurotransmitter release

-Inhibits both NE and ACh

Answer 27

Alpha-2 receptors

Question 28

Decrease aqueous humor production

Answer 28

Alpha-2 agonists

Question 29

All three Beta receptors increase

Answer 29

cAMP

Question 30

Beta-1 receptors are located on

Answer 30

Post-synaptic membrane

Question 31

Cardiac Beta-1 receptors cause increased

Answer 31

Contractility, HR, and Conduction

Question 32

Renal Beta-1 receptors cause increased

Answer 32

Renin

Question 33

SNA stimulation increases

Answer 33

Inotropy

Question 34

Activation of beta-1 receptors increases cAMP, which in turn activates

Answer 34

PKA

Question 35

Sympathetic nerve stimulation opens

Answer 35

Na+ and L-type Ca2+ channels

Question 36

Activation of Beta-2 receptors in smooth muscle results in increased

Answer 36

Bronchodilation, vasodilation, and Uterine relaxation

Question 37

In the liver, causes glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, thus increasing glucose

Answer 37

Beta-2 receptor activation

Question 38

In the muscle, beta-2 activity causes a decrease in

Answer 38

Potassium

Question 39

Located on adipocytes where they increase lipolysis

Answer 39

Beta-3 receptors

Question 40

Beta receptor signaling can be terminated by

Answer 40

Phosphorylation