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Cardiology > The Electrocardiogram > Flashcards

The Electrocardiogram Flashcards

1
Q

There are 3 bipolar leads which are derived from two electrodes. What are they?

A

Leads I-III

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2
Q

The unipolar leads are derived from an electrode and Wilson’s Central Terminal. What are they?

A

V1-V6, aVL, aVR, and aVF

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3
Q

In an EKG, each small box is

A

0.040 seconds

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4
Q

In an EKG, every 5 boxes equals

A

0.2 second

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5
Q

Beginning of atrial to beginning of ventricular activation

A

PR interval

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6
Q

The normal duration of the PR interval is

A

0.12-0.2 seconds

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7
Q

The normal duration of QRS is

A

Less than 0.12 seconds

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8
Q

Normal conduction down His-Purkinje tissue and through ventricles

A

Normal WRS

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9
Q

What is a normal QT interval?

A

Less than 440ms for men and 460ms for women

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10
Q

How do we calculate corrected QT?

A

QTc = QT / square root of RR interval

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11
Q

Quick estimate of rate in an EKG is

A

300/n where n = number of big boxes

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12
Q

Functions as a natural pacemaker and initiates each atrial contraction

A

SA node

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13
Q

Strictly speaking, ‘sinus rhythm” refers only to what is happening in the

A

Atrium

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14
Q

Implies that the atrial rhythm originates in the sinus node and there is 1:1 conduction to the ventricle and the rate is 60-100 BPM

A

Normal Sinus Rhythm

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15
Q

A normal P and QRS axis for an EKG is

A

-30 to 90 degrees

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16
Q

What is the quick way to determine normal axis?

A

Lead I positive and lead II positive

17
Q

What is the quick way to see left axis deviation?

A

Lead I positive, lead II negative

18
Q

Right axis deviation is characterized as

A

Lead I negative and AVF positive

19
Q

EXTREME right axis deviation is characterized by

A

Lead I negative and AVF negative

20
Q

MI, left anterior fascicular block, and LVH can cause

A

LAD

21
Q

Widened QRS, RSR’ in V1 (rabbit ears), and prominent S in V6 is characteristic of

A

RBBB

22
Q

Widened QRS, broad notches R in V6, and absent R and prominent S in V1 is characteristic of

A

LBBB

23
Q

Initial depolarization is normal, septal q-waves are intact, and late forces are upwards and leftwards

A

Left Anterior Fascicular Block

24
Q

Overall QRS is less than 120 ms, RS in II, III, and aVF, and frontal axis is less than 45 degrees

A

Left anterior Fascicular Block

25
Q

Initial depolarization is normal, and late forces are DOWNWARDS and rightwards

A

Left Posterior Fascicular Block

26
Q

In a left posterior Fascicular Block, the precordial axis is

A

Rightwards (90-180 degrees)

27
Q

Right atrial enlargement can be see with

A
  1. ) V1 positive deflection of P wave (greater than 1.5 mm)

2. ) Lead II P wave amplitude is greater than 3 mm (boxes)

28
Q

Characterized by a P wave that is broad (greater than 0.04 secs) in V1 and a P wave in II greater than 0.12

A

Left Atrial Enlargement

29
Q

RAD w/ prominent R wave in V1 (greater than 7 mm)

A

RVH

30
Q

Sum of amplitudes of S wave in V1 + R wave in V5 or V6 is greater than 35 mm

A

LVH

31
Q

Has an aVL R wave greater than 11 mm

A

LVH

32
Q

Trans mural ischemia shows on an EKG as

A

ST elevation and Q-waves

33
Q

Non-transmural ischemia is seen on an EKG as

A

ST depression

-Not associated w/ Q waves

34
Q

Has more positive resting potential and shorter AP duration

A

Ischemic tissue

35
Q

When we see the appearance of new Q waves, we have an

A

Infarction

36
Q

Shows up anterior, apical, and lateral

A

Left Anterior Descending artery ischemia

37
Q

Show up on posterior and lateral heart and inferior wall

A

Circumflex Artery Ischemia

38
Q

Shows in right ventricle and posterior and inferior 80%) heart

A

Right coronary artery ischemia

Cardiology (27 decks)

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