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Cardiology > Infection And Inflammaiton In The Heart > Flashcards

Infection And Inflammaiton In The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Is a non-infectious form of endocarditis common in SLE

A

Libman-Sacks Endocarditis (LSE)

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2
Q

A significant percentage of patients with SLE have

A

Valve Abnormalities (28-74%)

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3
Q

The number one valve affected in LSE is

A

Mitral (the aortic)

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4
Q

Valve thickening is a common problem with

A

LSE

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5
Q

An inflammatory infiltrate of the myocardium with necrosis and/or degeneration of adjacent myocytes

A

Myocarditis

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6
Q

Manifests in an otherwise healthy person and can result in rapidly progressive heart failure and arrhythmia

A

Myocarditis

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7
Q

Myocarditis is a cause of

A

SCD

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8
Q

Characterized by chest pain and palpitations w/ ECG changes, ventricular arrhythmias, and life-threatening cardiogenic shock

A

Myocarditis

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9
Q

We must exclude coronary artery disease and other non-inflammatory diseases from our differential for

A

Myocarditis

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10
Q

What is a major bacterial species that can cause myocarditis?

A

Borrelia species

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11
Q

Which protozoal agent can cause myocarditis?

A

Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease)

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12
Q

The most common cause of myocarditis in the US

A

Cardiotropic viruses (Enteroviruses, adenoviruses, parvo B19, and Influenza A)

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13
Q

What are the 4 cardiotropic viruses that cause myocarditis?

A

Coxsackie B3, Adeno, Parvo B19, and Influenza A

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14
Q

The A toxin of diphtheria targets

A

EF-2

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15
Q

Can have systemic effects including the myocardium

A

A Toxin

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16
Q

What a are the key phases of diphtheria

A

Pseudomembrane and “Bull Neck”

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17
Q

Club-shaped, Gram (+) that are black on tinsdale agar w/ potassium telluride

A

Diphtheria

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18
Q

A multi system illness caused by Borrelia burgdorferi

A

Lyme Disease

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19
Q

Lyme spirochetes invade the tissues of the

A

Heart

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20
Q

The most commonly recognized clinical feature of Lyme carditis is

A

Atrioventricular block (some form of heart block)

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21
Q

The third most common parasitic infection in the world

A

Chagas Disease

22
Q

Myocardial involvement occurs in most individuals infected w/

A

Chagas’ disease

23
Q

Causes a chronic immune-mediated myocarditis that may progress to cardiac insufficiency in 10-20 years

A

Chagas Disease

24
Q

Characterized by mild and nonspecific symptoms which includes fever, malaise, hepatosplenomegaly, and atypical lymphocytosis

A

Acute Chagas

25
Q

Of the people w/ acute Chagas, 20-30% have progression to

A

Chronic Chagas’ Cardiomyopathy

26
Q

Highly arrhythmogenic and can progress to dilated cardiomyopathy w/ ventricular aneurysms

A

Chagas’ Cardiomyopathy

27
Q

Autoimmune disease that develops as a sequel a of Group A Beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection (GABHS)

A

Acute Rheumatic Fever

28
Q

Causes nonsuppurative inflammatory lesions of the heart, joints, and CNS

A

Acute Rheumatic Fever

29
Q

Anti-cardiac antibodies have been demonstrated w/

A

Rheumatic Fever

30
Q

80% of patients are children ages 5-15

A

Acute Rheumatic Fever

31
Q

What percentage of patients w/ GABHS pharyngitis develop acute Rheumatic fever

A

3%

32
Q

Presents 2-3 weeks after streptococcal infection, although many patients do not recall having an URI

A

Acute Rheumatic Fever

33
Q

Rheumatic fever causes a very painful symmetrical arthritis called

A

Migratory polyarthritis (35-75%)

34
Q

What are 4 things caused by rheumatic fever?

A

Migratory polyarthritis, pancarditis, syndenham chorea, and erythema marginatum

35
Q

Involuntary movement caused by RF

A

Syndenham Chorea

36
Q

The number one sign of rheumatic fever is

A

Polyarthritis

37
Q

Typically involves the knees, ankles, elbows, and wrists

-Inflammation disappears w/in 2-4 weeks

A

Polyarthritis

38
Q

The ONLY manifestation of acute rheumatic fever w/ significant potential for long-term disability or death

A

Pan-carditis

39
Q

Can lead to development of new murmurs, signs of CHF, pericardial friction rub, and/or signs of pericardial effusion

A

Pan-carditis

40
Q

The number one lesion of pan-carditis is

A

Mitral Regurgitation

41
Q

With acute rheumatic fever, we see a characteristic feature of the myocardium called

A

Aschoff bodies

42
Q

Can be found in all layers of the heart

-Caterpillar cells die to condense chromatin

A

Aschoff Bodies

43
Q

Pathognomonic for Rheumatic heart disease

A

Aschoff nodules

44
Q

In 70% of pan-carditis cases, the only valve affected is the

A

Mitral valve (25% mitral and aortic)

45
Q

The first sign of pan-carditis is

A

Mitral regurgitation

46
Q

Chronic pan-carditis from RF results in

A

“Fishmouth” Stenosis

47
Q

Leaflet thickening and commissary thickening and shortening

-Thickening and fusion of the chordae tendoniae

A

Fishmouth Stenosis

48
Q

Neurological disorder characterized by emotional lability, personality change, muscular weakness, etc

A

Syndenham Chorea

49
Q

Patients are unable to maintain a clenched fist when attempting to grip the examiner’s hand

A

Syndenham Chorea

50
Q

Acute Rheumatic Fever DOES NOT cause

A

Stenosis

51
Q

Chronic Rheumatic Fever can then cause

A

Mitral Stenosis

Cardiology (27 decks)

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