Cardiomyopathy

Question 1

Disease of the heart muscle where the heart is structurally and functionally abnormal

Answer 1

Cardiomyopathy

Question 2

What are three viruses that can cause viral myocarditis?

Answer 2

Coxsackie group B, Parvo B19, and adenovirus

Question 3

Immune mediated and leads to myocyte loss and fibrosis

Answer 3

Viral Myocarditis

Question 4

Viral myocarditis is usually self limited but some progress to

Answer 4

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 5

Toxins such as chronic alcohol ingestion or chemotherapeutic agents can cause

Answer 5

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 6

Causes oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, decreases myocardial protein synthesis

Answer 6

Chronic Alcohol ingestion

Question 7

Anthracyclines are chemotherapeutic agents that can cause

Answer 7

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Question 8

Heart Failure toward the end of pregnancy or in months after delivery wihtout any identifiable cause

Answer 8

Peri-partum CM

Question 9

Impaired VEGF signaling and altered prolactin processing are causes of

Answer 9

Peripartum CM

Question 10

Up to 50% of cardiomyopathies are likely

Answer 10

Familial

Question 11

We want to use diuretics, ACEI/ARB, beta-blockers, and aldosterone antagonists to treat

Answer 11

Dilated cardiomyopathies

Question 12

with a DCM that has a LVEF less than 35%, treat w/

Answer 12

AICD

Question 13

If we have a DCM w/ LBBB and a QRS greater than 120 ms, treat w/

Answer 13

CRT

Question 14

Autosomal dominant condition w/ variable penetrance

-Characterized by myocardial disarray

Answer 14

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)

Question 15

Due to mutation in one of several sarcomeric genes such as Beta-myosin heavy chain, cardiac troponins, and myosin binding protein

Answer 15

HCM

Question 16

Characterized by asymetric LVH and normal to hyperdynamic LVEF

-Most common cause of SCD in athletes

Answer 16

HCM

Question 17

Clinically presents w/ DOE/SOB and angina

Answer 17

HCM

Question 18

Which type of murmur is seen in HCM?

Answer 18

S4

Question 19

If HCM has an LVOT obstruction than we will see a systolic diamond shaped murmur from LPSB and an

Answer 19

Apical holocystoli murmur from MR

Question 20

EKG will show LVH, LAE, and Q waves (in inferior and lateral leads)

Answer 20

HCM

Question 21

Increased dynamic obstruction after anextrasystolic beat

Answer 21

Brockenbrough-Braunwald Sign

Question 22

We can use beta blockers to treat

Answer 22

HCM

Question 23

Which Ca2+ channel blocker can be used to treat HCM?

Answer 23

Verapamil

Question 24

What is a class IA anti-arrhythmic that is used to treat HCM?

Answer 24

Disopyramide

Question 25

Reduces contractility which reduces obstruction in HCM which then decreases O2 demand

Answer 25

Disopyramide

Question 26

Disopyramide decreaes HR which increases

Answer 26

Diastolic Filling Time

Question 27

For HCM with a wall thickness of gretaer than 30mm, we want to treat w/

Answer 27

AICD

Question 28

Characteried by ventricular muscle stiffness leading to diastolic dysfunction

Answer 28

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Question 29

Do not need thick walls for diagnosis (Although most will have increased wall thickness) -Normal-near normal LVEF except in late stages

Answer 29

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Question 30

Restrictive cardiomyopathy results from

Answer 30

Scarring/fibrosis or infiltration

Question 31

The most common cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy is

Answer 31

Amyloidosis

Question 32

Extracellular deposit of amyloid fibrils -misfolded insoluble protein with a beta-pleated sheet configuration

Answer 32

Amyloidosis

Question 33

Igg light chain produced by clonal population of plasma cells in bone marrow

Answer 33

AL amyloid

Question 34

Mutations in gene encoding TTR lead to misfolding and deposition of amyloids -Autosomal dominant

Answer 34

Familial Systemic Amyloidosis (FAP)

Question 35

Clincially presents w/ peripheral neuropathy and autonomic dysfunction

Answer 35

FAP

Question 36

Due to breakdown of normal TTR (non-mutated) -Almost always limited to the heart

Answer 36

Senile Systemic Amyloidosis (SSA)

Question 37

Commonly presents w/ Carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 37

SSA

Question 38

Caused by a misfolding of ANP - only seen on autopsy - Mostly elderly women

Answer 38

Isolated Atrial Amyloidosis

Question 39

Usually occurs in setting of chronic inflammation -Breakdown of inflammatory protein serum amyloid A

Answer 39

Secondary Amyloiosis

Question 40

The major target of secondary amyloidosis is the

Answer 40

Kidney

Question 41

Fabry's disease, Myxoedematous cardiomyopthy, an haemochromatosis are conditions that may mimic

Answer 41

Amyloid Heart Disease

Question 42

In RCM we see increased muscle stiffness which causes

Answer 42

Decreased compliance

Question 43

We see both right and left sided volume overload w/

Answer 43

RCM

Question 44

The decrease cavity size seen in RCM causes decreases in

Answer 44

SV and CO

Question 45

Increased JVD with inspiration

Answer 45

Kussmaul sign

Question 46

Kussmaul sign is seen w/

Answer 46

RCM

Question 47

Genetic disorder where the RV free wall is replaced by fibro-fatty tissue

Answer 47

Arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy

Question 48

Shows RV dysfunction, dilation, and akinesis

Answer 48

Arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy

Question 49

Arrested development of myocardial compaction during fetal growth -Autosomal dominant/X-linked recessive

Answer 49

LV non-compliance

Question 50

Characterized by deep intra-trabecular recesses

Answer 50

LV non-compaction

Question 51

Also known as Takotsubo CM, broken heart syndrome

Answer 51

Stress-induced cardiomyopathy