Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiology > Congenital Heart Defects > Flashcards

Congenital Heart Defects Flashcards

1
Q

Allows bypass of hepatic circulation

A

Ductus Venosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Flow through the foremen ovals allows well oxygenated blood to bypass the high resistance

A

Pulmonary Circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Directs relatively lower oxygenated blood to flow to lower extremities

A

Ductus Arteriosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Following birth, the three shunts that exist during fetal circulation close. These three shunts are the

A

Ductus venosus, Foramen Ovale, and Ductus arteriosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Normally results in left to right shunt unless Eisenmenger’s is present

-Distinct from patent foramen ovale

A

Atrial Septal Defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

An atrial septal defect can be distinguished by a

A

Fixed split S2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Due to rapid equalization of pressures between right and left heart in presence of shunt

A

Fixed Split S2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

There is evidence of right ventricular enlargement on CXR/ECG/Echocardiography with an

A

Atrial septal defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

We see a step-up in oxygen saturation on catheterization with an

A

Atrial Septal Defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Closure of an ASD is contraindicated once

A

Eisenmenger’s has developed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Most commonly in the membranous or muscular portion of the ventricular septum

A

Ventricular Septal Defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Although VSD’s cause left to right shunting, initially they lead to

A

LV not RV volume overload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Increased pulmonary blood flow can lead overtime to pulmonary hypertension and

A

Eisenmenger’s syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Characterized by symptoms due to congestive heart failure such as tachyon earth, poor feeding, failure to thrive, etc

A

VSD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

On ascultation, a VSD can be heard via a

A

Harsh holosystolic murmur at the left eternal border in 3rd or 4th intercostal space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

More than 50% of small and moderate sized VSD’s will

A

Spontaneously close

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Results when the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth

A

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

First trimester rubella infection, premature birth, and high altitude are all risk factors for

A

PDA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The ductus arteriosus normally closes after birth due to an increase in oxygen saturation and decrease in

A

Prostaglandin levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Results in volume overload and dilation of the left side of the heart

A

PDA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Characterized by a continuous machine-like murmur

A

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Can usually be seen on Doppler echocardiography

A

PDA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Even the smallest of PDA’s will be closed in order to reduce the risk of

A

Endocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

PDA’s can be closed by administration of

A

Indomethacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

A patent ductus arteriosus can be maintained through

A

Prostaglandin infusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Characterized by a harsh crescendo-decrescendo murmur

-More common in males than females

A

Congenital Aortic Stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The harsh crescendo-decrescendo murmur in congenital aortic stenosis is loudest at the

A

Base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

We will see evidence of LVH on ECG with

A

Congenital aortic stenosis

29
Q

In adults, aortic stenosis is commonly caused by

A

Bicuspid aortic valves

30
Q

Bicuspid aortic valves commonly cause aortic stenosis in adults as a result of progressive

A

Calcification of the leaflets

31
Q

There is a strong association between congenital aortic stenosis and

A

Coarctation of the aorta

32
Q

Most patients with coarctation of the aorta will have an abnormal

A

Aortic Valve

33
Q

In adults, presentation and management of aortic stenosis caused by bicuspid valve calcification is very similar to presentation and management of

A

Calcification aortic Stenosis

34
Q

Can be seen in valve itself (90%), within RV, or in pulmonary artery

A

Pulmonic Stenosis

35
Q

Causes increased RV pressures and hypertrophy

A

Pulmonic Stenosis

36
Q

Characterized by dyspnea on exertion and exercise intolerance

A

Pulmonic Stenosis

37
Q

On physical exam, shows a prominent jugular a wave and late peaking crescendo-decrescendo murmur at left upper eternal border

A

Pulmonic Stenosis

38
Q

The only right sided sound that decreases with inspiration

A

Pulmonic Valve Click

39
Q

Shows an enlarged RV on CXR and ECG

A

Pulmonic Stenosis

40
Q

Echocardiogram demonstrates increased gradient across pulmonic valve, elevated right sided pressures, and RVH

A

Pulmonic Stenosis

41
Q

What is the most effective treatment of pulmonic stenosis?

A

Ballon valvuloplasty

42
Q

What are the two cyanotic congenital heart defects

A

Tetralogy of fallout and transposition of the great arteries

43
Q

Has the basic defect of abnormal anterior and cephalad displacement of infundibular portion of intraventricular septum

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

44
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot results in which 4 abnormalities

A

VSD, subvalvular pulmonic stenosis, overriding aorta, and RVH

45
Q

Results in a net right to left shunt through the VSD, resulting in cyanosis

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

46
Q

Depends on severity of pulmonic stenosis and systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance

A

Degree of shunting in TOF

47
Q

With TOF, children may have spells of cyanosis following activity when systemic vasodilation results in increased

A

Right to Left shunting

48
Q

Children learn to relieve their TOF symptoms by

A

Squatting

49
Q

A common finding on physical exam with TOF is

A

Clubbing

50
Q

With TOF, CXR demonstrates a

A

“Boot shaped” Heart

51
Q

Surgical closure of VSD and enlargement of subpulmonary infundibulum is the treatment for

A

TOF

52
Q

Results in the aligning of the aorta superior to the right ventricle

-Aorta and pulmonary artery are in opposite positions than usual

A

Transposition of the great arteries

53
Q

Places systemic and pulmonary circuits in parallel rather than in series

A

Transposition of the great arteries

54
Q

The initial treatment for transposition of the great arteries is?

-Allows mixing of blood which is necessary to keep baby alive

A

Maintenance of Ductus Arteriosus through prostaglandin

55
Q

When a congenital defect with left to right shunting overwhelms the pulmonary circuit and results in the direction of the shunt being switched

-Once this develops, correction of original defect is contraindicated

A

Eisenmenger’s Syndrome

56
Q

Presentation is usually before age one, with frequent respiratory infections, poor weight gain, and heart failure

A

Atrioventricular Septal (Endocardial Cushion) Defect

57
Q

Characterized by a drastically enlarged RA and small RV which causes small LA and LV

-Associated w/ Lithium exposure in utero

A

Ebstein’s anomaly

58
Q

Tricuspid valve never opens and there is an ASD with

A

Tricuspid Atresia

59
Q

Characterized by absence of tricuspid orifice, ASD, hypoplastic RV, and VSD

A

Tricuspid Atresia

60
Q

Thought to be caused by unequal division of AV canal

A

Tricuspid Atresia

61
Q

Immediately managed by maintaining a PDA, placement of Blalock-Taussig shunt

A

Tricuspid Atresia

62
Q

3-6 months after tricuspid atresia

-The second stage of treatment

A

Bidirectional Glenn Procedure

63
Q

Then, at 3-5 years of age, we perform a

-Third stage of tricuspid atresia treatment

A

Fontan Procedure

64
Q

Infants present with cyanosis and signs/symptoms of heart failure

-Corrective surgery should be performed as soon as possible

A

Total Anomalous Return

65
Q

Linked to cardiac neural crest cells

-Always associated with VSD due to underdevelopment on distal pulmonary infundibulum

A

Truncus Arteriosus

66
Q

30% of truncus arteriosus cases involve right sided

A

Aortic arch

67
Q

Truncus Arteriosus often presents as part of

A

DiGeorge Syndrome

68
Q

During the first few days of life, mild to moderate cyanosis may be the only sign. However, as pulmonary vascular resistance falls, symptoms of HF and pulmonary congestion develop

A

Truncus Arteriosus

69
Q

Treatment is surgical and involves closing the VSD and attaching pulmonary arteries through a conduit to the right ventricle

A

Truncus Arteriosus

Cardiology (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions