Vasodilators

Question 1

what do vasodilators do?

Answer 1

improve CO, reduce edema/effusion in HF pt’s, reduce arteriolar R to Tx hypertension

Question 2

Hydralozine indications

Answer 2

congestive HF secondary to mitral valve insufficiency

Question 3

what does Hydralozine dilate?

Answer 3

arteries
NOT veins

Question 4

Hydralozine adverse effects

Answer 4

V, anorexia, tachycardia, sweat, hypotension, ischemic arrhythmia

Question 5

Nitrates are __ prodrugs

Answer 5

NO

Question 6

what do nitrates dilate?

Answer 6

veins&raquo_space;» arterioles

Question 7

nitrates ___ phosphorylation of light chain myosin

Answer 7

increase

Question 8

list the three Nitrates to know

Answer 8

Nitroglycerin
Isosorbide dinitrate
Na+ nitroprusside

Question 9

Nitroglycerin indications

Answer 9

pulmonary edema linked to HF

Question 10

Nitroglycerin application and half life

Answer 10

topical
VERY SHORT half life

Question 11

Nitroglycerin adverse effects

Answer 11

tolerance

Question 12

Isosorbide dinitrate application

Answer 12

PO tablet

Question 13

Isosorbide dinitrate adverse effect

Answer 13

tolerance

Question 14

Na+ nitroprusside is a potent vaso___ to ___ BP

Answer 14

vasodilator
decrease BP

Question 15

Na+ nitroprusside indications

Answer 15

pulmonary edema due to HF
emergent hypertensive crisis

Question 16

Na+ nitroprusside administration

Answer 16

constant infusion

Question 17

Na+ nitroprusside adverse effects

Answer 17

cyanide toxicity in pt’s with decreased renal function
NO tolerance concern

Question 18

Ca2+ channel blocker (CCB) ___ all smooth muscle, and ___ is most sensitive

Answer 18

relaxes smooth muscle
arterioles are most sensitive (not veins)

Question 19

what does Ca2+ channel blocker (CCB) do to SA activity?

Answer 19

reduces impulse

Question 20

Ca2+ channel blocker (CCB)
binds to ___ channels

Answer 20

L type

Question 21

Ca2+ channel blocker (CCB)
contraindications

Answer 21

HF
since negative inotropic effect (decreased contractility), reduced SA impulse, and slower AV node

Question 22

Amlodipine besylate is a long acting ___ blocker

Answer 22

dihydropyridine Ca2+ blocker

Question 23

Amlodipine besylate indications

Answer 23

hypertensive cats

Question 24

Amlodipine besylate causes ___ without major ___ effects

Answer 24

vasodilation without cardiac effects

Question 25

Amlodipine besylate ___ HR, ___ RAAS, ___ Na retention

Answer 25

INCREASES

Question 26

Amlodipine besylate adverse effects

Answer 26

activates RAAS in dogs
since decreases BP -> decreases GFR

Question 27

Amlodipine besylate contraindication

Answer 27

liver failure

Question 28

Diltiazem works to inhibit/decrease what?

Answer 28

SA and AV activity
contractility

Question 29

Diltiazem indications

Answer 29

hypertrophic CM (cats)
supraventricular tachycardia (dog/cat)

Question 30

Diltiazem has a ___ Vd

Answer 30

VERY large
excretes in milk

Question 31

Diltiazem adverse effects

Answer 31

NO reflex tachycardia (since inhibits SA node)
*pt needs super careful monitoring

Question 32

Sildenafil is a ___ inhibitor

Answer 32

PDE-5
cGMP

Question 33

Sildenafil indications

Answer 33

pulmonary hypertension in dogs (aka animals with increased BP due to L side)

Question 34

Sildenafil adverse effect

Answer 34

vasodilation due to decreased cGMP

Question 35

Prazosin is a ___ antagonist

Answer 35

alpha1

Question 36

Prazosin indications

Answer 36

urethral obstruction in dogs
HF (if hydralazine does not work)

Question 37

Prazosin dilates…

Answer 37

arteries AND veins

Question 38

Prazosin adverse effects

Answer 38

decreases BP due to less peripheral R
hypotension
Na/water retention (since increased renin)