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Pharmacology I > Blood Clotty & Anti-Clotty > Flashcards

Blood Clotty & Anti-Clotty Flashcards

1
Q

what is fibrinolysis?

A

breakdown of clots for tissue repair

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2
Q

list the vitamin K dependent coag factors

A

IX
VII
X
II - thrombin

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3
Q

describe hypercoaguable/thromboembolic states

A

cats with hypertrophic CM
dogs with immune mediated hemolytic anemia
cushing’s
acute phase inflammation
protein losing nephropathy (since it’s damage to anti-thrombin 3)

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4
Q

describe hypocoaguable states

A

post-sx, trauma, intoxication
genetic bleeding diatheses
liver intoxication/failure

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5
Q

Warfarin indications

A

prophylactic Tx of thrombotic conditions
*active ingredient in rat poison also
VERY controversial use

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6
Q

describe this effect of Warfarin

A

EPOXIDE REDUCTASE - used to recycle vitamin K so it can produce more coag factors
BUT this function gets blocked by Warfarin, resulting in the inability to re-oxidize and make more coag factors

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7
Q

Warfarin adverse effects

A

fatal hemorrhage linked to anemia
hematoma
tetragenic aka fetal malformations
TOLERANCE within 1 month

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8
Q

Warfarin pt’s require regular monitoring of ___

A

prothrombin time (PT)

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9
Q

Vitamin K indications

A

Warfarin toxicity (rat poison)
moldy sweet clover
bird coccidosis
porcine hemorrhagic syndrome

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10
Q

Vitamin K reaches therapeutic effect at ___

A

6-12hrs
**takes a long time, do infusion as well!!!

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11
Q

Vitamin K adverse effect

A

anaphylaxis

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12
Q

Vitamin K contraindications

A

chronic liver failure - since unable to make coag factors, sooo there’s nothing for the Vitamin K to act on

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13
Q

describe the image regarding Heparin

A

NORMAL MW Heparin (top image) - has a longer tail, so is able to bind to thrombin as well as factor X to prevent clotting

LOW MW Heparin (lower image) - has a shorter tail, so is only able to bind factor X, NOT thrombin

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14
Q

what does Heparin need to be able to work?

A

anti-thrombin III

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15
Q

Heparin shuts down the ___ pathway, so NO coag occurs

A

common

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16
Q

Heparin adverse effects

A

hematoma if given SQ or IM
RBC agglutination in horses
immune mediated thrombocytopenia and platelet activation

17
Q

what are the names of the LOW MW Heparin drugs?

A

Enoxaparin
Dalleprin

18
Q

Rivaroxaban is a ___ inhibitor

A

competitive factor X

19
Q

does Rivaroxaban need anti-thrombin 3 to work?

A

NOPE

20
Q

Rivaroxaban indications

A

hypocoag pt in renal failure

21
Q

Acetylsalicylic acid is a ____ inhibitor

A

IRREVERSIBLE COX-1 inhibit

22
Q

what does COX-1 do?

A

creates PG in platelet and endothelial cells

23
Q

which species do we NOT use Acetylsalicylic acid in, and why?

A

cows, since they would need an extremely large dose and even then would still not be very effective

24
Q

Acetylsalicylic acid prevents ___ production due to the cease of PG synthesis

A

thromboxane A2 (TxA2) production

25
Q

Acetylsalicylic acid requires ____ for metabolism, which means it takes much longer to metabolize in cats

A

glucouronidation
*cats do NOT do this

26
Q

Acetylsalicylic acid adverse effects

A

overdose (metabolic acidosis, V, depressed, hyperventilate)
GI ulcers
nephrotoxicity - horse with colic

27
Q

Acetylsalicylic acid contraindications

A

being a cat
hemorrhagic disorders
kidney issues
liver issues
pre-sx

28
Q

Clopidogrel bisulfate is a ____ platelet inhibitor

A

IRREVERSIBLE ADP inhibitor

29
Q

Clopidogrel bisulfate indications

A

cats with cardiogenic embolism risk
hypertrophic CM

30
Q

Clopidogrel bisulfate requires ___ pH to absorb

A

decreased

31
Q

Collasate ___ platelets

A

activates

32
Q

Collasate binds to ___ receptor

A

collagen

33
Q

Tissue Plasminogen Activator indications

A

pulmonary/arterial thromboembolism
**controversial use
drug prevents clotting

34
Q

Tissue Plasminogen Activator allows for the process of….

A

fibrinolysis
plasminogen -> plasmin

35
Q

Aminocaproic acid indications

A

dog, horse
post-sx bleeding
guttural pouch bleeding

36
Q

Tranexamic acid indications

A

post-sx bleeding in dog/cat

37
Q

Tranexamic acid is more effective than Aminocaproic acid ____

A

in vitro

38
Q

Tranexamic acid adverse effects

A

induces V in dogs

39
Q

Tranexamic acid ___ clotting

A

promotes

Pharmacology I (11 decks)

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