Blood Clotty & Anti-Clotty Flashcards
what is fibrinolysis?
breakdown of clots for tissue repair
list the vitamin K dependent coag factors
IX
VII
X
II - thrombin
describe hypercoaguable/thromboembolic states
cats with hypertrophic CM
dogs with immune mediated hemolytic anemia
cushing’s
acute phase inflammation
protein losing nephropathy (since it’s damage to anti-thrombin 3)
describe hypocoaguable states
post-sx, trauma, intoxication
genetic bleeding diatheses
liver intoxication/failure
Warfarin indications
prophylactic Tx of thrombotic conditions
*active ingredient in rat poison also
VERY controversial use
describe this effect of Warfarin
EPOXIDE REDUCTASE - used to recycle vitamin K so it can produce more coag factors
BUT this function gets blocked by Warfarin, resulting in the inability to re-oxidize and make more coag factors
Warfarin adverse effects
fatal hemorrhage linked to anemia
hematoma
tetragenic aka fetal malformations
TOLERANCE within 1 month
Warfarin pt’s require regular monitoring of ___
prothrombin time (PT)
Vitamin K indications
Warfarin toxicity (rat poison)
moldy sweet clover
bird coccidosis
porcine hemorrhagic syndrome
Vitamin K reaches therapeutic effect at ___
6-12hrs
**takes a long time, do infusion as well!!!
Vitamin K adverse effect
anaphylaxis
Vitamin K contraindications
chronic liver failure - since unable to make coag factors, sooo there’s nothing for the Vitamin K to act on
describe the image regarding Heparin
NORMAL MW Heparin (top image) - has a longer tail, so is able to bind to thrombin as well as factor X to prevent clotting
LOW MW Heparin (lower image) - has a shorter tail, so is only able to bind factor X, NOT thrombin
what does Heparin need to be able to work?
anti-thrombin III
Heparin shuts down the ___ pathway, so NO coag occurs
common
Heparin adverse effects
hematoma if given SQ or IM
RBC agglutination in horses
immune mediated thrombocytopenia and platelet activation
what are the names of the LOW MW Heparin drugs?
Enoxaparin
Dalleprin
Rivaroxaban is a ___ inhibitor
competitive factor X
does Rivaroxaban need anti-thrombin 3 to work?
NOPE
Rivaroxaban indications
hypocoag pt in renal failure
Acetylsalicylic acid is a ____ inhibitor
IRREVERSIBLE COX-1 inhibit
what does COX-1 do?
creates PG in platelet and endothelial cells
which species do we NOT use Acetylsalicylic acid in, and why?
cows, since they would need an extremely large dose and even then would still not be very effective
Acetylsalicylic acid prevents ___ production due to the cease of PG synthesis
thromboxane A2 (TxA2) production
