Hypothalamic & Pituitary Hormones Flashcards
what are the only two hormones released from the posterior pituitary?
ADH
oxytocin
describe central diabetes insipidus
form of diabetes where the body has lower than normal levels of ADH
this causes pt’s urine to be very dilute
why does central DI cause isosthenuria (dilute urine)?
since lack of ADH means fewer AQP activated for water reabsorption in the CD
describe the normal process of ADH activating AQP
vasopressin indications
DIAGNOSE central DI
rare usage - vasoconstriction during cardiopulmonary resussitation or local bleeding
vasopressin is a form of ___ ADH
endogenous ADH
describe vasopressin affinity for V1 and V2 receptors
EQUAL affinity
what do V1 receptors do?
vasoconstriction
what do V2 receptors do?
AQP fusion
vasopressin kinetics
SQ/IM
distributes through interstitial space (NOT into cells for effect)
Desmopressin indications
TREAT/CONTROL central DI
Desmopressin is a form of ___ ADH. how does this affect half life?
synthetic
extends half life
describe Desmopressin affinity for V1 and V2 receptors
V2»_space;» V1
lots of AQP fusion
what’s the best administration method for Desmopressin, and why?
nasal spray or topical
since has increased conjunctiva absorption as topical
why do we NOT give Desmopressin PO?
poor bioavailability since the peptide is hydrolyzed by pepsin
Desmopressin adverse effects
increased factor VII and von Willebrand factor in dogs
(increased coag factors)
Desmopressin contraindication
pt with risk of thrombotic events
bovine somatotropin indications
labeled use - increase dairy milk production
ELDU - pituitary dwarfism in dogs
bovine somatotropin is an ___ form of somatomedin
endogenous
bovine somatotropin ___ fat and ___ glycogen hydrolysis to do what to milk?
increases both
adds sugar to milk
describe bovine somatotropin effect on liver
converts GH to IGF-1
increases fat use, glycogen hydrolysis, and increase glc available for milk
describe bovine somatotropin effect on mammary glands
IGF-1 causes increased blood flow and increased nutrient extraction
bovine somatotropin is a ___ prep
depot
forms blob, slow to absorb
bovine somatotropin adverse effects
mastitis, laminitis - food animals
diabetes mellitus, acromegaly - dogs
bovine somatotropin effect on ketosis
reduces prevalence
bovine somatotropin ___ first time pregnancy rate, and ___ subsequent pregnancy rates
increase
decrease
bovine somatotropin causes for variability in output
primiparous cows < multiparous
ambient temperature (higher < lower)…less effect at high temp since blood is shunted to skin for cooling
feed
what two patient signs are usually a give-away that they have an endocrine issue?
PU/PD
