Hypothalamic & Pituitary Hormones

Question 1

what are the only two hormones released from the posterior pituitary?

Answer 1

ADH
oxytocin

Question 2

describe central diabetes insipidus

Answer 2

form of diabetes where the body has lower than normal levels of ADH
this causes pt’s urine to be very dilute

Question 3

why does central DI cause isosthenuria (dilute urine)?

Answer 3

since lack of ADH means fewer AQP activated for water reabsorption in the CD

Question 4

describe the normal process of ADH activating AQP

Answer 4

Question 5

vasopressin indications

Answer 5

DIAGNOSE central DI
rare usage - vasoconstriction during cardiopulmonary resussitation or local bleeding

Question 6

vasopressin is a form of ___ ADH

Answer 6

endogenous ADH

Question 7

describe vasopressin affinity for V1 and V2 receptors

Answer 7

EQUAL affinity

Question 8

what do V1 receptors do?

Answer 8

vasoconstriction

Question 9

what do V2 receptors do?

Answer 9

AQP fusion

Question 10

vasopressin kinetics

Answer 10

SQ/IM
distributes through interstitial space (NOT into cells for effect)

Question 11

Desmopressin indications

Answer 11

TREAT/CONTROL central DI

Question 12

Desmopressin is a form of ___ ADH. how does this affect half life?

Answer 12

synthetic
extends half life

Question 13

describe Desmopressin affinity for V1 and V2 receptors

Answer 13

V2&raquo_space;» V1
lots of AQP fusion

Question 14

what’s the best administration method for Desmopressin, and why?

Answer 14

nasal spray or topical
since has increased conjunctiva absorption as topical

Question 15

why do we NOT give Desmopressin PO?

Answer 15

poor bioavailability since the peptide is hydrolyzed by pepsin

Question 16

Desmopressin adverse effects

Answer 16

increased factor VII and von Willebrand factor in dogs
(increased coag factors)

Question 17

Desmopressin contraindication

Answer 17

pt with risk of thrombotic events

Question 18

bovine somatotropin indications

Answer 18

labeled use - increase dairy milk production
ELDU - pituitary dwarfism in dogs

Question 19

bovine somatotropin is an ___ form of somatomedin

Answer 19

endogenous

Question 20

bovine somatotropin ___ fat and ___ glycogen hydrolysis to do what to milk?

Answer 20

increases both
adds sugar to milk

Question 21

describe bovine somatotropin effect on liver

Answer 21

converts GH to IGF-1
increases fat use, glycogen hydrolysis, and increase glc available for milk

Question 22

describe bovine somatotropin effect on mammary glands

Answer 22

IGF-1 causes increased blood flow and increased nutrient extraction

Question 23

bovine somatotropin is a ___ prep

Answer 23

depot
forms blob, slow to absorb

Question 24

bovine somatotropin adverse effects

Answer 24

mastitis, laminitis - food animals
diabetes mellitus, acromegaly - dogs

Question 25

bovine somatotropin effect on ketosis

Answer 25

reduces prevalence

Question 26

bovine somatotropin ___ first time pregnancy rate, and ___ subsequent pregnancy rates

Answer 26

increase
decrease

Question 27

bovine somatotropin causes for variability in output

Answer 27

primiparous cows < multiparous
ambient temperature (higher < lower)…less effect at high temp since blood is shunted to skin for cooling
feed

Question 28

what two patient signs are usually a give-away that they have an endocrine issue?

Answer 28

PU/PD