Reproduction II - Females

Question 1

what does progesterone do regarding the surge nucleus and ovulation?

Answer 1

blocks surge nucleus
prevents ovulation

Question 2

what’s another name for follicular cysts in cattle?

Answer 2

cystic ovary disease

Question 3

describe follicular cyst etiology in cattle

Answer 3

caused by lack of synchrony between follicle maturation and LH surge
results in continuously high systemic estradiol levels due to persistent tertiary follicle

Question 4

describe pathology of follicular cysts (early and chronic)

Answer 4

early - endometrial edema and cystic hyperplasia
chronic - mucometra, endometrial atrophy and squamous metaplasia, myometrial atony

Question 5

GnRH indications in females

Answer 5

Tx follicular cysts in cows - labeled
synchronize cow estrus
ELDU in dogs

Question 6

hCG indications in female

Answer 6

cow Tx follicular cysts - labeled
Dx dog ovary remnants
labeled for inducing estrus in pigs

Question 7

GnRH and hCG cause artificial ___ surge

Answer 7

LH

Question 8

Medroxyprogesterone acetate indications in female

Answer 8

all ELDU
suppress dog, cat, horse estrus
maintain luteal insufficiency in dogs

Question 9

Medroxyprogesterone acetate ____ diestrus

Answer 9

prolongs
via increased progesterone levels

Question 10

Progesterone indications

Answer 10

labeled uses - synchronize estrus in beef, dairy, heifer, sheep
ELDU in goats

Question 11

Progesterone is ____ form of progestin

Answer 11

endogenous

Question 12

Progesterone ____ diestrus

Answer 12

prolongs

Question 13

Altrenogest indications

Answer 13

labeled - synchronize horse/sow estrus
ELDU - luteal insufficiency in pregnant dog/horse

Question 14

Altrenogest activates ____ activity

Answer 14

microsomal (P450)

Question 15

what reduces Altrenogest activity?

Answer 15

Rifampin
***so you would need to increase dose of Altrenogest

Question 16

Altrenogest adverse effects

Answer 16

none

Question 17

Altrenogest cautions

Answer 17

absorbed trandermally
**should NOT be handled by pregnant people, people on oral birth control

Question 18

list the three progestin “flavor” drugs

Answer 18

Medroxyprogesterone acetate
Progesterone
Altrenogest

Question 19

PGF2a Tromethamine indications

Answer 19

LUTEAL cyst lysis!!!
labeled dairy cow abortion
induce swine birth
Tx pyometra in dairy cow
silent estrus in lactating dairy cow
labeled in horses for estrus induction
ELD in sheep/goat

Question 20

where is PGF2a Tromethamine metabolized?

Answer 20

lungs

Question 21

PGF2a Tromethamine adminostration

Answer 21

IM
NOT IV

Question 22

PGF2a Tromethamine is an ___ form drug

Answer 22

endogenous

Question 23

what’s withdrawal time for PGF2a Tromethamine?

Answer 23

0 days

Question 24

PGF2a Tromethamine adverse effects in cattle

Answer 24

increase temperature
injection site infection

Question 25

PGF2a Tromethamine adverse effects in horse

Answer 25

decrease temperature increase RR and HR ataxia abdomen pain lying down

Question 26

PGF2a Tromethamine adverse effects in swine

Answer 26

pruritus increased RR abdomen muscle spasm (since causes birth) ataxia nesting vocalize salivation

Question 27

PGF2a Tromethamine contradindications

Answer 27

RAO asthma closed cervix pyometra interacts with other oxytocic agents

Question 28

describe the process of luteal cyst formation

Answer 28

follicular cyst grows -> destroy estradiol making cells -> progesterone maker stays in tact (CL) -> follicular cyst turns to make progesterone -> animal in state of anestrus

Question 29

which species are never sensitive to PGF2a during pregnancy?

Answer 29

dogs and cats **can NOT use to abort

Question 30

when PGF2a be used in swine to abort or induce birth?

Answer 30

between days 10-12 and 113 **insensitive to PGF2a 10-12 d post-ovulation

Question 31

when can PGF2a be used to abort in sheep?

Answer 31

between day 4-6 post-ovulation and before day 50 *since CL switch to uterus on day 50

Question 32

describe the rules of PGF2a administration during pregnancy for: dog cat pig sheep goat cow horse

Answer 32

Question 33

Cloprostenol sodium indications

Answer 33

ONLY labeled in cows lysis of luteal cysts

Question 34

Cloprostenol sodium is ___ PGF2a

Answer 34

synthetic

Question 35

describe the process of using CIDR implant to synchronize estrus

Answer 35

Question 36

Oxytocin indications

Answer 36

induce uterine contractions Tx retained placenta (ELDU in horses, labeled in dog/cow/swine) uterine involution postpartum metritis

Question 37

Oxytocin causes uterine effects how long after administration?

Answer 37

immediately after IV

Question 38

Oxytocin must be administered before uterine ___

Answer 38

intertia aka exhaustion

Question 39

describe the milk ejection reflex of Oxytocin

Answer 39

stim by suckling spinal afferents activated by papillary duct stretch receptors

Question 40

describe the ferguson reflex of Oxytocin

Answer 40

spinal afferents activated by cervical stretch receptors

Question 41

Oxytocin acts on ___ cells

Answer 41

myoepithelial IP3 and DAG release -> Ca release

Question 42

Oxytocin adverse effects

Answer 42

uterine cramps, discomfort, uterine rupture **correct hypoglycemia or hypocalcemia BEFORE use hypersensitivity

Question 43

Oxytocin contraindications

Answer 43

fetus abnormally positioned cervico-pelvic disproportion cervix not relaxed primary uterine intertia