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Pharmacology I > ANS Drugs > Flashcards

ANS Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Bethanecol

A

Direct M agonist

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2
Q

Neostigmine

A

Indirect Nm agonist

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3
Q

Pyridostigmine bromide

A

indirect Nm agonist

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4
Q

Atracurium besylate

A

Nm antagonist (reversible)

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5
Q

Atropine sulfate

A

M antagonist, competitive

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6
Q

Glycopyrrolate

A

M antagonist
synthetic atropine

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7
Q

Oxybutynin

A

M antagonist

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8
Q

Isoprotenerol

A

B1 and B2 agonist

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9
Q

Epinephrine

A

B2 > a1 agonist
also does B1

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10
Q

Norepinephrine

A

a1&raquo_space;> B1 agonit

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11
Q

Dopamine

A

DA > B1 > a1 agonist

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12
Q

Phenylephrine

A

a1 agonist

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13
Q

Dobutamine

A

B1 agonist

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14
Q

Albuterol, Clenbuterol, Terbutaline

A

B2 agonist

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15
Q

Phenylpropanolamine

A

mixed agonist
long term drug

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16
Q

Ephedrine sulfate

A

mixed agonist
based off pH

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17
Q

Prazosin

A

competitive a1 antagonist

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18
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A

noncompetitive a1 antagonist

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19
Q

Atenolol

A

B1 antagonist

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20
Q

Esmolol

A

B1 antagonist

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21
Q

Metoprolol

A

B1 antagonist

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22
Q

Propanolol

A

B1 and B2 antagonist

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23
Q

Sotalol

A

B1 and B2 antagonist

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24
Q

Timolol

A

B1 and B2 antagonist

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25
Q

M receptor locations

A

ALL parasympathetics (not innervated in vasculature)
Sympathetics of sweat glands

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26
Q

a1 receptor locations

A

vasculature, GI, trigone of bladder, male genitalia, piloerector muscles

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27
Q

B1 receptor locations

A

HEART
GI, bladder, kidney, uterus

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28
Q

B2 receptor locations

A

LUNGS
some heart, skeletal vasculature, liver, pancreas, fat cells

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29
Q

Dopamine receptor locations

A

renal and mesenteric vasculature

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30
Q

a1 ___, while B2 and DA ___

A

a1 vasoconstricts
B2 and DA vasodilate

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31
Q

M receptors are in ___ of heart

A

SA node

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32
Q

B1 receptors are in ___ of heart

A

ventricles
why it affects both HR and contractility

33
Q

Bethanecol indications
Treats what?

A

GI and GU effects
decreased bladder contractions
GI (avoid) cecal displacement in cows and gastric ulcers in horse

34
Q

Bethanecol adverse effects

A

overextension of therapeutic effect
colic in horses

35
Q

Main Bethanecol contraindications

A

Hypotension (bad if M receptor drug gets in bloodstream)
Blocked urethra
GI impaction
Bradycardia (since this will decrease HR more)

36
Q

Neostigmine indications

A

LABELED - GI/bladder atony in livestock
Nm block reversal
ELDU - DX Myasthenia syndrome

37
Q

Neostigmine adverse effects

A

Cholinergic Crisis
aka decrease BP/HR, vasodilate, bronchoconstrict, lots of urination

38
Q

Pyridostigmine bromide indications

A

LABELED Myasthenia syndrome

39
Q

Pyridostigmine bromide adverse effects

A

intussusception aka GI telescope due to enhanced GI motility
tolerance may also occur

40
Q

Atracurium besylate important information

A

Paralysis has specific order
head and neck muscles -> tail muscles -> larger/limb muscles -> laryngeal, abdominal intercostals, deglutt -> respiratory muscles
Spontaneous breakdown
Reverse with Neostigmine
NO PAIN RELIEF

41
Q

Atropine sulfate indications

A

pre-anesthetic to decrease secretions
sinus bradycardia
SA arrest

42
Q

Atropine sulfate adverse effects

A

dry mouth, less bronchial secretions, less GI motility, colic in horses, increase IOP, mydriasis

43
Q

Oxybutynin indications

A

Detrusor (pee a lot)
Hyperreflexia in dog and cat

44
Q

Oxybutynin adverse effects

A

increase IOP (avoid in glaucoma pt)
tachycardia, bronchodilate

45
Q

Isoprotenerol indications

A

B1 bradycardia
B2 bronchoconstriction

46
Q

Isoprotenerol adverse effects

A

decrease BP (B2), tachycardia (B1), central effects

47
Q

Why does Isoprotenerol decrease BP, but increase HR?

A

Baroreceptor reflex

48
Q

Epinephrine LOW dose indications

A

asystole
give every 2 min

49
Q

Epinephrine LOW dose adverse effects

A

decrease BP, tachycardia
acts like Isoprotenerol
B2 > a1

50
Q

Epinephrine HIGH dose indications

A

anaphylaxis (allergic reaction)

51
Q

Epinephrine HIGH dose adverse effects

A

increase HR and contractility due to B2
a1 vasoconstricts, causing increased BP
acts like Norepinephrine

52
Q

Norepinephrine indication

A

hypotension

53
Q

Norepinephrine adverse effects

A

hypertension (increased BP), bronchoconstrict
slight B1 causes very slight increase HR

54
Q

Dopamine indication

A

hypotension

55
Q

Dopamine LOW dose effect

A

renal and mesenteric vessel dilation

56
Q

Dopamine HIGH dose effect

A

increased heart function, vasoconstrict

57
Q

Phenylephrine indications

A

hypotension (dec BP), opthalmic solution (cause mydriasis)

58
Q

Phenylephrine adverse effects

A

reflex bradycardia (due to major BP increase), hypertension, colic, hemorrhage, necrosis

59
Q

Dobutamine indications

A

ER drug for acute heart failure

60
Q

Dobutamine adverse effects

A

tachyphylaxis within 48-72 hours
aka rapid tolerance
tachycardia, arrhythmia, seizures

61
Q

Albuterol, Clenbuterol, Tertbutaline indication

A

bronchoconstriction

62
Q

Albuterol, Clenbuterol, Tertbutaline adverse effects

A

increase HR and contractility, vasodilate, decrease BP

63
Q

Phenylpropanolamine indication

A

long term for urinary incontinence

64
Q

Phenylpropanolamine adverse effects

A

CNS, urine retention (fix dosing), tachycardia (B1/2), hypertension (a1)
tachyphylaxis (since not infinite norepi amount in nerves, dec effect)

65
Q

Phenylpropanolamine contraindications

A

MOST CONCERNED ABOUT B EFFECTS SINCE LONG TERM
glaucoma (B increases IOP), cardiovascular disease, hyperthyroidism (hypertension)

66
Q

Ephedrine indications

A

hypotension post-op in dogs and cats
rarely for urinary incontinence (since meth precursor)

67
Q

What is Ephedrine half life based on?

A

urine pH!
t1/2 = 3hrs when pH = 5
t1/2 = 6hrs when pH = 6.3

68
Q

Ephedrine adverse effects

A

same as Phenylpropanolamine
CNS, urine retention (fix dosing), tachycardia (B1/2), hypertension (a1)
tachyphylaxis (since not infinite norepi amount in nerves, dec effect)

69
Q

Prazosin indications

A

urethrospasm (not peeing right), hypertension

70
Q

Prazosin relaxes ___ and __

A

prosate
trigone of bladder

71
Q

Phenoxybenzamine indication

A

pheochromocytoma (adrenal tumor)
since tumor releases lots of norepinephrine

72
Q

Phenoxybenzamine adverse effects

A

hypotension!! reflex tachycardia, increased GI motility, miosis, increased IOP, inhibit ejaculation

73
Q

List the B1 antagonists

A

Atenolol
Esmolol
Metoprolol

74
Q

List the B1/B2 antagonists

A

Propanolol
Sotalol
Timolol

75
Q

What do B antagonists treat?

A

cardiac arrhythmias

76
Q

B antagonists adverse effects

A

bradycardia, bronchoconstriction, exercise intolerance, acute hypertension, chronic hypotension

77
Q

Timolol indication

78
Q

What do Metoprolol and Propanolol have in common?

A

mild local anesthetics

Pharmacology I (11 decks)

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