Diuretics

Question 1

the thick ascending LoH is affected by ___ diuretics

Answer 1

loop

Question 2

is the thick ascending LoH water permeable?

Answer 2

NO

Question 3

is the distal convoluted tubule water permeable? what else does it absorb?

Answer 3

NO water
absorbs NaCl to help dilute urine

Question 4

which diuretic affects the distal convoluted tubule?

Answer 4

thiazides
*since they inhibit Na+ transport

Question 5

which diuretic is used in the collecting duct?

Answer 5

K+ sparing
aldosterone antagonist

Question 6

which drug is used in the PT?

Answer 6

CA inhibitors

Question 7

what type of diuretic is Furosemide?

Answer 7

loop

Question 8

Furosemide indications

Answer 8

relieve pulmonary congestion (rapid mobilization of edema fluid from HF)
induce PG synthesis in kidney
hypercalcemia

Question 9

what does Furosemide inhibit?

Answer 9

Na/K/2Cl transport in thick LoH

Question 10

Furosemide effect on Ca2+ and Mg2+, Na+

Answer 10

Ca2+ and Mg2+ - increase excretion
Na+ - decrease absorption

Question 11

Furosemide adverse effects

Answer 11

hypokalemic hypochloremic alkalosis
abnormal fluid and electrolyte balance
hypocalcemia
hypomagnesia
hypovolemia
hyponatriemia
GI upset
digitalis toxicity

Question 12

Hydrochlorothiazide is a ___ diuretic

Answer 12

thiazide diuretic

Question 13

Hydrochlorothiazide depends on ___ synthesis

Answer 13

PG

Question 14

Hydrochlorothiazide indications

Answer 14

hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in race horses
long term diuretic for dogs/cats with HF
prevents Ca2+ oxalate uroliths in dogs

Question 15

Hydrochlorothiazide ___ Ca2+ excretion

Answer 15

decreases

Question 16

Hydrochlorothiazide adverse effects

Answer 16

hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
hyperuricemia
hypercalcemia
allergy

Question 17

Chlorothiazide is a ___ diuretic

Answer 17

thiazide

Question 18

Chlorothiazide indications

Answer 18

FDA approved for dairy cattle to Tx post-partum udder edema

Question 19

which requires a heavier dose in dogs and cats? Chlorothiazide or Hydrochlorothiazide

Answer 19

Chlorothiazide
*so Hydro is better

Question 20

Spironolactone is a ____ diuretic

Answer 20

K+ sparing

Question 21

Spironolactone is a competitive ____ inhibitor

Answer 21

aldosterone

Question 22

Spironolactone indications

Answer 22

CHF (if not Furosemide)
hepatic cirrhosis
nephrotic syndrome
severe ascites

Question 23

Spironolactone promotes excretion of ___, and retention of ___

Answer 23

excretes Na+
retention of K+

Question 24

Spironolactone adverse effects

Answer 24

occasional hyperkalemia
acidosis

Question 25

Osmotic diuretics indications

Answer 25

prophylaxis of acute renal failure
reduces IOP and ICP
protects kidney

Question 26

Osmotic diuretics is ___, NOT ___ in kidney

Answer 26

filtered, NOT reabsorbed

Question 27

Osmotic diuretics adverse effect

Answer 27

pulmonary edema in HF
V, dehydration, hypernatremia

Question 28

Acetazolamide is a ___ inhibitor

Answer 28

CA

Question 29

Acetazolamide indications

Answer 29

decreases aqueous humor for glaucoma
adjunct in HyPP in horses

Question 30

Acetazolamide blocks ___ reabsorption, and ___ Na/K exchange

Answer 30

blocks - bicarb and Na+ reabsorption
increases Na/K exchange

Question 31

Acetazolamide contraindications

Answer 31

hepatic cirrhosis
sulfonamide sensitivity