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Cell Biology Exam 3 > Vasculature II > Flashcards

Vasculature II Flashcards

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1
Q

What is present at junction of endothelial cells

A

intracellular junction

either ZO or interrupted incomplete fascia occludens. One cell with have marginal fold

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2
Q

Why do pinocytotic vesicles have a large volume

A

tight junctions

vesicles can fuse, forming continuous temporal channels which allows for movement from lumen to ECM

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3
Q

How to tell if it’s a continuous capillary

A 
junctional complex (dark line) with marginal fold covering connection
lots of pinocytotic vesicles
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4
Q

How to tell if it’s a fenestrated capillary w/o diaphragms

A

lots of fenestrations

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5
Q

Where are fenstrated capillaries without diaphragms found

A

glomerular capillaries of kidney

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6
Q

How to tell if it’s a fenestrated capillary with diaphragms

A

you can see the diaphragms

some pinocytotic vesicles, but not as many

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7
Q

Where are fenestrated capillaries with diagpragms found

A

glomerular capillaries in kidney, elsewhere in kidney, intestines, endocrine organs

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8
Q

How to tell if it’s a sinusoidal capillary

A

larger in diameter
huge pores
no basal lamina

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9
Q

Where are sinusoidal capillaries found

A

bone marrow, liver, spleen, adrenal cortex

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10
Q

Pericytic venules

A

bound in microcirculation, have pericytes

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11
Q

Muscular venules

A

largger than percytic. Have smooth muscle in tunica media

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12
Q

How to tell if it’s a pericytic venule

A

large lumen, thin wall

nuclei is dark blue, flattened

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13
Q

Movement of lymphocyte

A
  • Recognize adhesion molecules
  • Attached to endothelium at region of marginal fold
  • Disrupt junctional complex
  • Moves between endothelial cell junction
  • cross cell wall and enters ECM
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14
Q

Small Vein

A

muscle in tunica media

Tunica adventitia collagen fibers thickest

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15
Q

Medium vein

A

smooth muscle, elastic elements, and connective tissue present
connective tissue predominates

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16
Q

Large vein

A

tunica adventitia contains lontiudinally arranged smooth muscle bundles
Thin tunica media
thick tunica adventitia

17
Q

Vaculogenesis

A

de novo vessel formation - make vessels from scratch

18
Q

Angiogenesis

A

growth from existing EC-derived channels

19
Q

Arteriogenesis

A

formation of arteries, arterioles, and collateral vessel remodeling

20
Q

Neovascularization

A

overaching term. Refers to vasculogensis, angiogenesis, and arteriogenesis

21
Q

Remodeling

A

vascular response to alterations in environment

22
Q

Endothelial precursor cells (EPC)

A

Bone marrow is the #1 source of this. Non-bone marrow niches exist and are mobilized in response to alterations in environment

23
Q

Function of vasculogenesis in adults

A

replace lost endothelial cells
re-endotheliazation of vascular implants
Neobascularization of ischemic organs, wounds, tumor

24
Q

Angiogenic steps

A

1) vasodilation (NO) and icnreased permeability
(VEGF)
2) degrade basal lamina by matrix metalloproteases and disrupt intercellular junction by plasminogen activator
3) ANG-2 destabilizes vessels
4) Migration and proliferation of endothelial cells mediated by VEGF and GFG
5) Form endothelial capillary tube
6) Elaboration of basal lamina by TGF-beta and recruitment of periendothelial cells mediated by ANG-1-TIE-2 and PDGF

25
Q

ANG-2

A

destabilizes

26
Q

ANG-1

A

stabilizes

27
Q

Vasodialation and increased permeability of vasculature

A

Endothelial cells attach to basal lamina and form junctional complexes with other endothelial cells
NO and VEGF cause vasodilation and increased permeability

28
Q

Basal lamina disruption

A

matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) degrade basal lamina, separate it from endothelial cells

29
Q

Disruption of endothelial cell junction complexes

A

plasminogen activator disrupts interceullar endothelial cell junctions

30
Q

Proliferation and migration of endothelial cells

A

in presence of VEGF adn FGF-2, endothelial cells from pre-existing vasculature proliferate and migrate

31
Q

Formation of endothelial capillary tubes

A

Endothelial cells form capillary tubes, delicate precursor vessels

32
Q

Clinical Benefit of proangiogensis

A

myocardial, peripheral, and cerebral ischemia
wound healing and fracture repair
reconstructive surgery
transplatation of islets of Langerhans

33
Q

Clinical benefit of antiangiogensis

A 
tumor growth and metastases
ocular neovascularization
hemangiomas
rhematoid arthritis
atherosclerotic plaque neovascularization
birth control
34
Q

What is different about great saphenous vein

A

tunica intima has endothelium plus basal lamina, subendothelium, poor developed IEM.
tunica media has 2 or 3 muscle layers

Cell Biology Exam 3 (10 decks)

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