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Cell Biology Exam 3 > Integument > Flashcards

Integument Flashcards

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1
Q

Thin Skin

A

covers most of body surface. Contains hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and erector pilae muscles

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2
Q

Thick skin

A

covers palms of hands and soles of feet. No sebaceous glands or erector pilae muscles, but have sweat glands

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3
Q

Epidermis of skin

A

made of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

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4
Q

Dermis is made of

A

Loose CT and dense irregular collagenous CT

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5
Q

Cell types found in the epidermis

A

keratinocytes (most common) and non-keratinocytes

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6
Q

Epidermal ridges

A

folds in the epidermis that extend down into the dermis.

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7
Q

dermal pailla

A

projections coming from the dermis into the epidermis

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8
Q

basal cells in epidermis

A

founder where epidermis meets dermis

area of intense mitotic activity

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9
Q

What happens as cells migrate from stratum basale to surface of skin

A

acquire more keratin, become keratinized, die and slough off.

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10
Q

langerhans cells

A

defensive cells. provide protection against invading antigens. Derived from bone marrow precuses. Reside in all layers of epidermis, but mostly in stratum spinosum

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11
Q

Merkel Cells

A

mechanoreceptors. Found in base of hair follicles and fingertips. Attach to keratinocytes by desmosomes. Specifically found in stratum basal and makes merkel cell-neurite complexes

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12
Q

Melanocytes

A

protect skin from UV radiation. Arise from neural crest. synthesize melanin. Located in stratum basale and superficial dermis

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13
Q

How to tell if it’s a langerhan cell

A

pale cytoplasm, looks like halo around cells

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14
Q

Birbeck granules

A

look kind of like a tennis racket. Found in Langerhans cells. Function not understood

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15
Q

What do melanocytes synthesize besides melanin?

A

tyrosinase, which turns tyrosine into melanin.

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16
Q

Melanin Granule

A

melanosome that has melanin in it. Is dark. Ends up in cytoplasmic processes

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17
Q

Is there a difference in the total number of melanocytes in different races?

A

no

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18
Q

What is pigmentation of skin due to?

A

tyrosinase activity, number of melanin granules, size of melanin granules, distrubution of melanin granules, rate of breakdown

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19
Q

Where is the distribution of melanocytes in lighter skin people

A

more in nucleus

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20
Q

Does dark skin break down faster or slower?

A

slower

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21
Q

Factors that contribute to diagnosis of malignant Melanoma

A 
Appearance
Border
Color
Diameter
Evolution
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22
Q

What are the layers of thick skin from bottom to top

A 
Stratum Basale
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Comeum
23
Q

Stratum Basale

A

single layer of columnar cells. Anchors dermis to epidermis. Important in cell renewal

24
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

often due to chronic sun exposure. Has pearly papule, rarely metastasizes.

25
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A

Have railroad tracks, which are intercellular bridges between neighboring cells. Gives strength to cell, protects against microorganisms

26
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A

Contains 3 or 4 layers. Has frgmented nuclei. DNA is breaking down. Has keratohyalin granules and membrane-coating granules

27
Q

Keratohylin Granules

A

contain keratohyalin (soft protein)

28
Q

Membrane-coating granules

A

release lipid to extracellular space. Lipid makes sheets of waterproof materal.

29
Q

Stratum Lucidum

A

allows light to go through. Contains only dead cellular material, no cytoplasm or organelle.

30
Q

Stratum corneum

A

very thick. Layer of dead cellular material. has lots of keratin

31
Q

What layers are way smaller in thin skin not have the compared to thick skin

A

stratum lucidum and stratum granulosum

32
Q

Ichthyosis

A

excessive keratin buildup. Results in fish like scales

33
Q

Papillary layer of dermis

A

most superficial layer. Made of loose CT

34
Q

Which areas have prominent epidermal ridges, dermal papillae, and dermal ridges

A

areas subject to increased mechanical stress (palms and soles)

35
Q

Reticular layer of dermis

A

provides tensile strength, has many collagen bundles, also contains some elastic fibers

36
Q

Dermis

A

contains ducts of sweat glands, portions of hair follicles, sebaceous glands

37
Q

Hypodermis

A

layer underneath the dermis. contains some adipose tissue. not part of skin

38
Q

Free nerve endings

A

detect pain and temperature

39
Q

Pacinian Corpuscles

A

detect pressure, vibration

40
Q

Meissner’s Corpuscles

A

mechanoreceptors for discriminatory, fine touch

41
Q

Eccrine sweat glands

A

Have myoepithelial cells which assist in expulsion of sweat from secretory unit. Innervated by post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers. Simple coiled tubular gland

42
Q

Apocrine sweat gland

A

found in axilla, areola of nipple and in anal region. A merocrine gland. Innervated by the sympathetic nervous system. Produces large amounts of sweat

43
Q

Sebaeous glands

A

oil producing glands. Induced by hormones, holocrine secretion.

44
Q

Hair bulb

A

at base of hair follicle. encloses dermal papilla.

45
Q

Medulla of hair follicle

A

moderate keritinization (pink)

46
Q

cortex of hair follicle

A

keratinized (purple)

47
Q

curticle

A

keratinized (dark band,

48
Q

Interal root sheath

A

some keratinization

49
Q

External root sheath

A

not part of hair

50
Q

glassy membrane

A

acts like a basement membrane

51
Q

Arrector Pili Muscle

A

smooth muscle. Attaches to hair follicle midway, obliquely. raises the hair

52
Q

Nail plate

A

dense keratinized plate. rests on nail bed

53
Q

Nail matrix

A

epithelium under nail root. Growth occurs here

Cell Biology Exam 3 (10 decks)

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