vascular plants

Question 1

what are the five characteristics of vascular plants?

Answer 1

1. contain vascular tissue
2. complex multicellular roots
3. complex multicellular leaves
4. sporophylls
5. sporophyte is dominant in the life cycle

Question 2

what is the xylem composed of? what is its purpose?

Answer 2

tracheid and vessels that are responsible for transporting water, minerals and solutes from the root to the rest of the plant

Question 3

what is the purpose of the phloem? what is it composed of?

Answer 3

living cells separated by sieve tubes that act as a transport highway to move carbohydrates and amino acids to where the plant needs

Question 4

what competitive advantage did the xylem and phloem give plants?

Answer 4

the ability to grow tall and resist gravity

Question 5

what are the two types of leaves?

Answer 5

microphylls and megaphylls

Question 6

what are the differences between microphylls and megaphylls?

Answer 6

microphylls have a singular strand of vascular tissue with small leaves, whereas megaphylls have a branching system with large leaves

Question 7

what are sporophylls?

Answer 7

modified leaves that make spores through a spore producing organ called a sporangia

Question 8

the ability for plants to be able to survive on land through terrestrial adaptation is due to what two structures?

Answer 8

sporangia and sporopollenin

Question 9

what do spores make?

Answer 9

a gametophyte

Question 10

are gametophytes not continuously dependent on the sporophyte for nutrients?

Answer 10

yes!

Question 11

seedless vascular plants have two phylum categories. what are they?

Answer 11

phylum lycophyta and phylum monilophyta

Question 12

in seedless vascular plants, is the dominant form the gametophyte or the sporophyte?

Answer 12

sporophyte

Question 13

seedless vascular plants require a similar environment to what category of plant? why are they similar?

Answer 13

bryophyte, both require moist environment and need water to reproduce

Question 14

seedless vascular plants require what kind of sperm?

Answer 14

flagellated

Question 15

what are the characteristics of phylum lycophyta?

Answer 15

1. microphyllous (small leaves)
2. thrive in warm, moist swamps
3. mostly only exist as small plants
4. abundant during the coniferous period

Question 16

what are phylum monilophyta known as? what are their characteristics?

Answer 16

known as true ferns
1. megaphylls (large leaves)
2. most successful species of vascular plant
3. produce clusters of sporangia that make up the sori

Question 17

what has a spring-like device that can catapult spores from the parent plant?

Answer 17

sporangia

Question 18

gametophytes make _______ through ________

Answer 18

gametes; mitosis

Question 19

sporophytes make ______ through _______

Answer 19

spores; meiosis

Question 20

gametes become ________ and turn into a _______ that is a multicellular ________ cell

Answer 20

fertilized; zygote; diploid

Question 21

a cell goes from haploid to diploid through the process of?

Answer 21

meiosis

Question 22

what plants formed the forests during the coniferous period?

Answer 22

lycophyta and monilophyta

Question 23

coal swamps underwent what steps to form what product?

Answer 23

swamps contained decayed organic matter that was covered by marine sediments. these were compressed with heat and pressure which turned the swamps into coal, producing fossil fuels