eukaryotes

Question 1

what are the two steps in the diversification of eukaryotes?

Answer 1

1. metabolic diversification
2. greater structural diversity

Question 2

what are the characteristics of metabolic diversification?

Answer 2

-evolution of eukaryotes by using aerobic respiration with oxygen
-oxidative phosphorylation created more ATP

Question 3

how did eukaryotic cells structurally diversify?

Answer 3

since oxygen became more abundant, cells were able to make collagen

Question 4

what is collagen?

Answer 4

connective tissue that binds cells together making multicellular life

Question 5

eukaryotes have their DNA in _______ chromosomes in a membrane bound ______

Answer 5

linear; nucleus

Question 6

what membrane bound organelles do eukaryotes have?

Answer 6

mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 7

what are the three steps of endosymbiont theory? what did this evolve into?

Answer 7

1. infoldings of the cell membrane produced endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope
2. engulfed aerobic heterotrophic prokaryote
3. engulfed photosynthetic prokaryote
   evolved into photosynthetic protist (plants)

Question 8

mitochondria and chloroplasts showed evidence for endosymbiosis through what features? (4)

Answer 8

1. self-replicating through binary fission
2. resembled bacteria in size and structure
3. circular DNA
4. two cell membrane layers

Question 9

what is the kingdom ‘protista’?

Answer 9

a highly diverse group of eukaryotes that are not fungi, plants or animals

Question 10

what are characteristics of protists?

Answer 10

-unicellular and microscopic
-most have mitochondria
-reproduce asexually or sexually through binary fission
-most are motile

Question 11

what is an exception to the unicellular nature of protists?

Answer 11

algae/seaweed

Question 12

what are archaeplastids?

Answer 12

heterotrophic protist takes in cyanobacterial endosymbiont, which gives them photosynthetic capabilities like photoautotrophs