natural selection Flashcards
fossil organisms not resembling living ones refers to?
extinction
lamarck hypothesized that evolution occurred due to
inheritance of acquired characteristics
what did darwin observe in species while travelling?
unity through similarity and diversity through dissimilarity
descent with modification is
different environments favor different traits, variation within a region
darwin argued that
organisms need to compete for these limited resources, and not all survived
in natural selection
some heritable variations are likely to provide individuals with a competative advantage
individuals that have advantageous characteristics are likely to?
leave more offspring
what is a selective agent?
a component of natural environment that consistently causes differing survival and reproduction
selection pressure is
the intensity that the selective agent acts on the population to evolve
what are the two types of selective agents? what examples are in each category?
biotic
-predator, disease, competitors
abiotic
-temperature, rainfall
in heritable variation, individuals vary in their _________ due to a varied ____________
characteristics (phenotype); genetic makeup (genotype)
what is genetic fitness?
how much phenotypes contribute their genotype to the next generation
do individuals or populations evolve?
populations
the outcome of natural selection is?
adaptations
does natural selection create optimal traits? what does it depend on?
no! it is context dependent
form, function, and behavior refers to what type of variation?
phenotypic
genetic makeup refers to what type of variation?
genotypic
in order for natural selection to act on an environment, it must be two things. what are they?
expressed in the phenotype and heritable, which is caused by the genotype
what are the four sources of variation?
mutation, recombination, independent assortment and fertilization
during what stage do the four sources of variation occur?
meosis
what does evolutionary theory predict?
related organisms will share similarities that are derived from a common ancestor
evolutionary history reflects what kind of distribution of organisms?
geographical
what is the universal genetic code?
DNA forms amino acids, which the creates proteins
what is artificial selection
when people select specific traits to breed in order to create a desirable phenotype
a stronger selection pressure creates?
faster evolution
