natural selection

Question 1

fossil organisms not resembling living ones refers to?

Answer 1

extinction

Question 2

lamarck hypothesized that evolution occurred due to

Answer 2

inheritance of acquired characteristics

Question 3

what did darwin observe in species while travelling?

Answer 3

unity through similarity and diversity through dissimilarity

Question 4

descent with modification is

Answer 4

different environments favor different traits, variation within a region

Question 5

darwin argued that

Answer 5

organisms need to compete for these limited resources, and not all survived

Question 6

in natural selection

Answer 6

some heritable variations are likely to provide individuals with a competative advantage

Question 7

individuals that have advantageous characteristics are likely to?

Answer 7

leave more offspring

Question 8

what is a selective agent?

Answer 8

a component of natural environment that consistently causes differing survival and reproduction

Question 9

selection pressure is

Answer 9

the intensity that the selective agent acts on the population to evolve

Question 10

what are the two types of selective agents? what examples are in each category?

Answer 10

biotic
-predator, disease, competitors
abiotic
-temperature, rainfall

Question 11

in heritable variation, individuals vary in their _________ due to a varied ____________

Answer 11

characteristics (phenotype); genetic makeup (genotype)

Question 12

what is genetic fitness?

Answer 12

how much phenotypes contribute their genotype to the next generation

Question 13

do individuals or populations evolve?

Answer 13

populations

Question 14

the outcome of natural selection is?

Answer 14

adaptations

Question 15

does natural selection create optimal traits? what does it depend on?

Answer 15

no! it is context dependent

Question 16

form, function, and behavior refers to what type of variation?

Answer 16

phenotypic

Question 17

genetic makeup refers to what type of variation?

Answer 17

genotypic

Question 18

in order for natural selection to act on an environment, it must be two things. what are they?

Answer 18

expressed in the phenotype and heritable, which is caused by the genotype

Question 19

what are the four sources of variation?

Answer 19

mutation, recombination, independent assortment and fertilization

Question 20

during what stage do the four sources of variation occur?

Answer 20

meosis

Question 21

what does evolutionary theory predict?

Answer 21

related organisms will share similarities that are derived from a common ancestor

Question 22

evolutionary history reflects what kind of distribution of organisms?

Answer 22

geographical

Question 23

what is the universal genetic code?

Answer 23

DNA forms amino acids, which the creates proteins

Question 24

what is artificial selection

Answer 24

when people select specific traits to breed in order to create a desirable phenotype

Question 25

a stronger selection pressure creates?

Answer 25

faster evolution