origins of life Flashcards

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1
Q

what event gave rise to eukaryotic cells?

A

great oxygenation event

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2
Q

how was life created from abiotic ingredients?

A
  1. abiogenesis
  2. abiotic synthesis of macromolecules
  3. formation of protocells capable of metabolism
  4. self-replicating molecules
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3
Q

what is abiogenesis?

A

abiotic synthesis of organic molecules

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4
Q

what happens in abiogenesis?

A

inorganic atmospheric gasses react with energy to form organic molecules

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5
Q

what are some examples of inorganic atmospheric gasses?

A

methane, ammonia, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen

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6
Q

what are some examples of organic molecules?

A

amino acids, nitrogenous bases, sugars, lipids

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7
Q

where did life originate?

A

shallow warm pool or hot mineral-rich deep-sea vents

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8
Q

what are some of the believed extraterrestrial origins of how life originated

A

meteorites colliding with earth that contained organic molecules

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9
Q

what are some examples of macromolecules?

A

proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids

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10
Q

what are protocells?

A

hollow lipid vesicles that formed early cell-like structures that could perform metabolism and self-replication

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11
Q

what was the first genetic material?

A

RNA

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12
Q

what are some properties of RNA? (3)

A

-a single stranded, fragile, self-replicating material
-catalyzes many reactions
-form different shapes depending on the environment

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13
Q

what is the genetic material of all living organisms today?

A

DNA

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14
Q

what are some properties of DNA? (3)

A

-double-helix
-stable
-more accurately replicated, making it favored by natural selection

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